tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30941629680958392582023-11-15T05:04:12.827-08:00MÉMOIREearnbtc4freehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03514123550786668019noreply@blogger.comBlogger8125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3094162968095839258.post-79171265178750427662021-11-13T14:57:00.002-08:002022-01-12T15:50:02.452-08:00<p style="text-align: center;"> </p><div class="Section1">
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 45.15pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.95pt; margin: 3.95pt 0cm 0cm 45.15pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 45.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Résultats<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.5pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 28.9pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 28.9pt 0cm 31pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 11pt;">Après ce traitement, les bactéries Gram positif sont
bien colorées en violet, et les bactéries Gram négatif sont colorées en rose.</p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 10.05pt; margin: 10.05pt 0cm 0cm 31pt;">Annexe 05: Test de catalase</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 28.8pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 28.8pt 0cm 31pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.05pt;">C'est une enzyme décomposant l'eau oxygénée en eau et
en oxygène gazeux. La méthode consiste à prélever une colonie du germe à
étudier sur l'extrémité d'une pipette Pasteur fermée que l'on plonge ensuite
dans un millilitre d'eau oxygénée. Le dégagement de bulles gazeuses signe la
présence de l'enzyme <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Figure 16).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.3pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><o:wrapblock><v:shapetype
id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t"
path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f">
<v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/>
<v:formulas>
<v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/>
<v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"/>
</v:formulas>
<v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/>
<o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/>
</v:shapetype><v:shape id="image23.jpeg" o:spid="_x0000_s1085" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='position:absolute;margin-left:218.65pt;margin-top:10.3pt;width:192.5pt;
height:69.1pt;z-index:3;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square;
mso-wrap-distance-left:0;mso-wrap-distance-top:0;mso-wrap-distance-right:0;
mso-wrap-distance-bottom:0;mso-position-horizontal:absolute;
mso-position-horizontal-relative:page;mso-position-vertical:absolute;
mso-position-vertical-relative:text'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\antri03\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.jpg"
o:title=""/>
<w:wrap type="topAndBottom" anchorx="page"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;">
</span></p><table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody><tr>
<td height="0" width="291"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;">
</span><!--[endif]--><!--[if gte vml 1]></o:wrapblock><![endif]--><br clear="ALL" style="mso-ignore: vglayout;" />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b><p></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.2pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 65.25pt; margin-right: 63.15pt; margin-top: .05pt; margin: 0.05pt 63.15pt 0cm 65.25pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Figure 16 : </b>Test de catalase (+)</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-left: 31pt;">Annexe 06 : Test<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>d'oxydase</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 28.85pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 28.85pt 0cm 31pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 8.25pt;">La recherche de l'oxydase s'effectue avec des disques
prêts à l'emploi du commerce. Déposer le disque sur une lame porte-objet,
l'humidifier avec deux gouttes d'eau distillée stérile et écraser la colonie
testée sur le disque. Une réaction positive se traduit par un virage rapide du
réactif de l’incolore au violet <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Figure<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>17).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.45pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><o:wrapblock><v:shape
id="image24.jpeg" o:spid="_x0000_s1084" type="#_x0000_t75" style='position:absolute;
margin-left:237pt;margin-top:17.95pt;width:163.9pt;height:51.35pt;z-index:4;
visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square;mso-wrap-distance-left:0;
mso-wrap-distance-top:0;mso-wrap-distance-right:0;mso-wrap-distance-bottom:0;
mso-position-horizontal:absolute;mso-position-horizontal-relative:page;
mso-position-vertical:absolute;mso-position-vertical-relative:text'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\antri03\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.jpg"
o:title=""/>
<w:wrap type="topAndBottom" anchorx="page"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;">
</span></p><table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody><tr>
<td height="0" width="316"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;">
</span><!--[endif]--><!--[if gte vml 1]></o:wrapblock><![endif]--><br clear="ALL" style="mso-ignore: vglayout;" />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b><p></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p> </o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.3pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 65.2pt; margin-right: 63.15pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 63.15pt 0cm 65.2pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Figure 17 : </b>Test d'oxydase (+).</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.5pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-left: 31pt;">Annexe 07 : Test de coagulase</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.55pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 29.1pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 29.1pt 0cm 31pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 11pt;">Le test de détection consiste à incuber pendant 4
heures à 37°C un mélange de plasma oxalaté de l’homme et de la souche à tester,
de préférence à partir d’une culture en gélose Chapman.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 21.7pt; margin-top: .1pt; margin: 0.1pt 21.7pt 0cm 31pt;">L’apparition
d’un caillot est observée en inclinant le tube à 90°C. Le test de la coagulase,
il existe de très rares souches de <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">S.
aureus </i>non sécrétrices de coagulase.</p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="break-before: page; mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section2">
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.95pt; margin: 3.95pt 0cm 0cm 31pt;">Annexe 08 : La galerie classique</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.6pt; margin: 6.6pt 0cm 0cm 31pt;">*La galerie biochimique comporte les
tests suivant <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Le Minor et al., 1993) :<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 29.1pt; margin-top: 6.4pt; margin: 6.4pt 29.1pt 0cm 31pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: 39.45pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Uréase : </b>les
bactéries qui possèdent une uréase suffisamment active transforment l’urée en
carbonate<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>d’ammonium.</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 66.4pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .25pt; margin: 0.25pt 0cm 0cm 66.4pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo12; tab-stops: 66.45pt; text-indent: -17.45pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">La<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>technique<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 9.3pt; margin-top: 6.05pt; margin: 6.05pt 9.3pt 0cm 31pt; text-indent: 11pt;">Dans 0.5 ml de milieu « urée indole » faire une suspension aussi dense
que possible à partir de culture sur le milieu d’Hékteon, incubation à 37°C
pendant 24h.</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 146%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 67.0pt; margin-right: 28.7pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 28.7pt 0cm 67pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: 66.4pt 66.45pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>La présence d’une uréase
fait virer le rouge de phénol du jaune orangé au rose rouge ou rouge<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>violacé.</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 29.1pt; margin-top: .35pt; margin: 0.35pt 29.1pt 0cm 31pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: 39.2pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Indole : </b>certaines
bactéries possèdent une tryptophanase, capable de scinder la molécule de
tryptophane en donnant de<span style="letter-spacing: -0.3pt;"> </span>l’indole.</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 66.4pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .2pt; margin: 0.2pt 0cm 0cm 66.4pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo12; tab-stops: 66.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.45pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">La<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>technique<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 148%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 67.0pt; margin-right: 28.7pt; margin-top: 6.05pt; margin: 6.05pt 28.7pt 0cm 67pt; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: 66.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Ajouter quelques gouttes du
réactif de kovacs à une culture de 18-24 heures à une suspension dense de
bactéries en milieu « urée-indole » après 18-24 heures d’incubation<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>à 37°C.</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 13.4pt; margin-left: 66.4pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: 66.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.45pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Agiter et laisser<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>reposer.</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 66.4pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.3pt; margin: 6.3pt 0cm 0cm 66.4pt; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: 66.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.45pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>La présence d’indole est
révélée par anneau rouge en<span style="letter-spacing: -0.3pt;"> </span>surface.</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 66.4pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.3pt; margin: 6.3pt 0cm 0cm 66.4pt; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: 66.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.45pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>L’absence d’indole est
révélée par un anneau jaune ou<span style="letter-spacing: -0.4pt;"> </span>brun.</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 37.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.3pt; margin: 6.3pt 0cm 0cm 37.5pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: 37.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -6.55pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Glucose </b>: est un
sucre qui fermenter par des quelque bactérie de la famille<span style="letter-spacing: -0.95pt;"> </span>d’entérobactériaceae.</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 66.4pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.55pt; margin: 6.55pt 0cm 0cm 66.4pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo12; tab-stops: 66.45pt; text-indent: -14.45pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">La<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>technique<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 28.8pt; margin-top: 6.2pt; margin: 6.2pt 28.8pt 0cm 31pt; tab-stops: 311.5pt; text-indent: 11pt;">Sur<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>le<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>milieu<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Hajna-kligler<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>«<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>glucose-lactose,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.55pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>H2S <span style="letter-spacing: 0.6pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">»,<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>ensemencer le culot par piqûre,
incubation à 37° pendant<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>24h.</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 13.4pt; margin-left: 66.4pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: 66.4pt 66.45pt; text-indent: -17.45pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Le culot viré au jaune :
glucose fermenté, (glucose<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>positif).</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 66.4pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.2pt; margin: 6.2pt 0cm 0cm 66.4pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: 66.4pt 66.45pt; text-indent: -17.45pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Dans le cas culot inchangé
(glucose<span style="letter-spacing: -0.3pt;"> </span>négatif)</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 37.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.4pt; margin: 6.4pt 0cm 0cm 37.5pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: 37.55pt; text-indent: -6.55pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lactose : </b>est un
sucre qui fermenter par des quelque bactérie de la famille<span style="letter-spacing: -1.1pt;"> </span>d’entérobactériaceae.</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 66.4pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.55pt; margin: 6.55pt 0cm 0cm 66.4pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo12; tab-stops: 66.45pt; text-indent: -14.45pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">La<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>technique<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 9.3pt; margin-top: 6.1pt; margin: 6.1pt 9.3pt 0cm 31pt; text-indent: 11pt;">Sur le milieu Hajna-kligler « glucose-lactose, H2S », ensemencer la
surface inclinée par stries serrées, incubation à 37° pendant 24h.</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 66.4pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; margin: 0.05pt 0cm 0cm 66.4pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: 66.4pt 66.45pt; text-indent: -17.45pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Pente virée au jaune :
lactose fermenté (lactose<span style="letter-spacing: -0.6pt;"> </span>positif).</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 66.4pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.2pt; margin: 6.2pt 0cm 0cm 66.4pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: 66.4pt 66.45pt; text-indent: -17.45pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Dans le cas contraire, couleur
initiale inchangée rouge (lactose<span style="letter-spacing: -0.3pt;"> </span>négatif).</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 28.75pt; margin-top: 6.4pt; margin: 6.4pt 28.75pt 0cm 31pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: 40.15pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gaz : </b>la production
du gaz est recherchée sur le milieu de Hajna-Kligler (KIA) dont on ensemence le
culot par piqûre, incubation à 37° pendant<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span>24h.</p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="break-before: page; mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section3">
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 146%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 67.0pt; margin-right: 29.0pt; margin-top: 3.65pt; margin: 3.65pt 29pt 0cm 67pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: 66.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>La présence de quelques
bulles ou d’une poche gazeuse qui décale le milieu du fond du tube : production
de gaz (Gaz<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span>positif).</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 28.85pt; margin-top: .4pt; margin: 0.4pt 28.85pt 0cm 31pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: 38.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">H2S : </b>c’est la
recherche d’enzyme de la thiosulfate-réductase, cette enzyme permet de réduire
S2O3 - - en S- - . L’anion S- - peut être révélé grâce à la coloration noire
sulfures métalliques, donc il ya production de<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">
</span>H2S.</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 66.4pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .2pt; margin: 0.2pt 0cm 0cm 66.4pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo12; tab-stops: 66.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.45pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">La<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>technique<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 28.75pt; margin-top: 6.05pt; margin: 6.05pt 28.75pt 0cm 31pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 11pt;">Sur le milieu Hajna-kligler « glucose-lactose, H2S »
ensemencer le culot par piqûre et la surface inclinée par stries serrées,
incubation à 37° pendant<span style="letter-spacing: -0.65pt;"> </span>24h.</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 147%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 67.0pt; margin-right: 29.05pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 29.05pt 0cm 67pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: 66.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>La production d’H2S (test
positif) indique le noircissement plus ou moins prononcé de la pente et
principalement du<span style="letter-spacing: -0.35pt;"> </span>culot.</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 28.85pt; margin-top: .1pt; margin: 0.1pt 28.85pt 0cm 31pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: 39.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">LDC : </b>la
lysine-décarboxylase : le décarboxylase est un enzyme qui décarboxyle les acide
amines en forment l’amine correspondante avec dégagement de<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>co2.</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 66.4pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .25pt; margin: 0.25pt 0cm 0cm 66.4pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo12; tab-stops: 66.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.45pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">La<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>technique<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 28.75pt; margin-top: 6.2pt; margin: 6.2pt 28.75pt 0cm 31pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 11pt;">Sur le milieu de moller + la lysine à partir d’une
culture sur le milieu Hajna-Kliger préparer une suspension bactérienne dense,
ensemencer les tube lysine et témoin avec quelque gouttes de la suspension,
incubation à 37° pendant 24h à 4 jours. Le résultat négatif de témoin le
premier jour de lecture donne un virage au<span style="letter-spacing: -0.3pt;"> </span>jaune.</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 13.35pt; margin-left: 66.4pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: 66.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.45pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Le test LDC positif indique
une coloration violette (présence d’une<span style="letter-spacing: -0.65pt;"> </span>décarboxylase).</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 66.4pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.3pt; margin: 6.3pt 0cm 0cm 66.4pt; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: 66.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.45pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Le test LDC négatif indique
une coloration jaune (absence d’une<span style="letter-spacing: -0.7pt;"> </span>décarboxylase).</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 29.15pt; margin-top: 6.3pt; margin: 6.3pt 29.15pt 0cm 31pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: 38.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">ONPG : </b>le test ONPG
est une méthode simple et rapide, qui permet de rechercher directement
l’enzyme.</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 66.4pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; margin: 0.05pt 0cm 0cm 66.4pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo12; tab-stops: 66.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.45pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">La<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>technique<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 29.05pt; margin-top: 6.1pt; margin: 6.1pt 29.05pt 0cm 31pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 11pt;">Par 0,5 ml d’eau physiologiques stérile +des colonies
prélever sur la pente de milieu KIA et le disque d’ONPG, incubation à 37°C de
2heurs à 24 heures.</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 13.4pt; margin-left: 66.4pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 66.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.45pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Le test ONPG est positif
lorsque la suspension se colore en jaune<span style="letter-spacing: -1.25pt;"> </span>citrin.</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 66.4pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.3pt; margin: 6.3pt 0cm 0cm 66.4pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 66.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.45pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Le test ONPG est négatif
lorsque la suspension se colore en<span style="letter-spacing: -0.95pt;"> </span>blanchâtre.</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 29.05pt; margin-top: 6.3pt; margin: 6.3pt 29.05pt 0cm 31pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: 38.6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Citrate de Simmons : </b>sur
le milieu citrate de Simmons, par un strie central et longitudinale, ensemencer
la pente avec une anse chargée incubation à37° pendant 24h à 7<span style="letter-spacing: -0.8pt;"> </span>jours.</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 147%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 67.0pt; margin-right: 28.8pt; margin-top: .05pt; margin: 0.05pt 28.8pt 0cm 67pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 66.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Citrate de Simmons positif
: les bactéries capable d’utiliser la citrate comme source de carbone et
d’énergie et pourvues d’une citrate-perméase, donc la couleur de milieu devient
bleu.<span style="font-family: Symbol;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 66.4pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .4pt; margin: 0.4pt 0cm 0cm 66.4pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 66.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17.45pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>A l’inverse citrate de
Simmons négatif : la couleur reste<span style="letter-spacing: -0.35pt;"> </span>verte.<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="break-before: page; mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section4">
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.95pt; margin: 3.95pt 0cm 0cm 31pt;">Annexe 09 : La galerie API 20 E</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.2pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 28.95pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 28.95pt 0cm 31pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 11pt;">La galerie API 20 E est un système pour
l’identification des Entérobactéries et autre bacilles Gram négatif, utilisant
20 tests biochimiques standardisés et miniaturisés, ainsi qu’une base de
données <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Figure 18).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.1pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 45.15pt; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo13; tab-stops: 45.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Principe<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 28.8pt; margin-top: 6.2pt; margin: 6.2pt 28.8pt 0cm 31pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 11pt;">La galerie API 20 E comporte 20 micro-tubes contenant
des substrats sous forme déshydratée. Les tests sont inoculés avec une
suspension bactérienne. Les réactions produites pendant la période d’incubation
se traduisent par des virages colorés spontanés ou révélés par l’addition de
réactifs.</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 45.15pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .2pt; margin: 0.2pt 0cm 0cm 45.15pt; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo13; tab-stops: 45.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mode<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>opératoire<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.05pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.1pt; margin: 6.1pt 0cm 0cm 42.05pt; text-align: justify;">L’opération
s’effectuée selon les étapes suivantes :</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.3pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 29.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 29.25pt 0cm 31pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 38.15pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Réunir fond et couvercle d’une
boite d’incubation et répartir environ 5 ml d’eau distillée dans les alvéoles
pour créer une atmosphère<span style="letter-spacing: -0.35pt;"> </span>humide.</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 12.6pt; margin-left: 38.1pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 38.15pt; text-indent: -7.15pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Remplir tubes et cupules des tests : |<u>CIT</u> |, |<u>VP</u>
|, <u>|GEL</u>|, avec la suspension<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span>bactérienne.</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 38.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.3pt; margin: 6.3pt 0cm 0cm 38.1pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 38.15pt; text-indent: -7.15pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Remplir uniquement les tubes (et non les cupules) des autres<span style="letter-spacing: -0.35pt;"> </span>tests.</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 29.15pt; margin-top: 6.3pt; margin: 6.3pt 29.15pt 0cm 31pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 38.15pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Créer une anaérobiose dans les
tests : ADH, LDC, ODC, URE, H2S en remplissant leurs cupules avec l’huile de<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span>paraffine.</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 38.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt; margin: 0.1pt 0cm 0cm 38.1pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 38.15pt; text-indent: -7.15pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Refermer la boite d’incubation, coder et placer à 37 °C pendant
18-24<span style="letter-spacing: -0.45pt;"> </span>heures.</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 52.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.55pt; margin: 6.55pt 0cm 0cm 52.35pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: 52.4pt; text-indent: -14.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lecture<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 21.7pt; margin-top: 6.1pt; margin: 6.1pt 21.7pt 0cm 31pt; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Noter sur la fiche de résultat toutes réactions spontanées. Si le glucose
est positif et/ou si 3 tests ou plus sont positif : révéler les tests
nécessitant l’addition de réactifs.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 52.35pt; margin-right: 9.3pt; margin-top: 9.95pt; margin: 9.95pt 9.3pt 0cm 52.35pt;">-Test VP :
ajouter une goutte de réactif VP1 et VP2. Attendre au minimum 10 minutes. Une
couleur rose franche ou rouge indique une réaction positive.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 52.35pt; margin-right: 21.7pt; margin-top: .05pt; margin: 0.05pt 21.7pt 0cm 52.35pt;">-Test TDA :
ajouter une goutte de réactif TDA. Une couleur marron foncée indique une
réaction positive.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 52.35pt; margin-right: 9.3pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 9.3pt 0cm 52.35pt;">-Test IND : ajouter
une goutte de réactif de Kowacks. Un anneau rouge obtenu en 2minutes indique
une réaction positive.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 21.7pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 21.7pt 0cm 31pt; text-indent: 28.3pt;">La lecture de ces réactions se fait selon le profil numérique à l’aide du
catalogue analytique API 20E.</p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="break-before: page; mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section5">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 65.35pt; margin-right: 63.15pt; margin-top: 4.6pt; margin: 4.6pt 63.15pt 0cm 65.35pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br />Figure 18 : </b>La galerie API 20 E.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.1pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-left: 31pt;">Annexe 10 : Le sérotypage</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 28.8pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 28.8pt 0cm 31pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 11pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Principe : </b>La
recherche est basée sur la mise en évidence d’une réaction spécifique entre un
anticorps présent dans un sérum test et un antigène porté par le microorganisme
étudié. Cette réaction est visualisée par une agglutination qui est le résultat
macroscopique de la réaction antigène-anticorps.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 10.3pt; margin: 10.3pt 0cm 0cm 31pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sérotypage de Salmonella </b></p></div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><div><br /></div>
</span>
<div class="Section6">
<p class="MsoBodyText"><br /></p></div>earnbtc4freehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03514123550786668019noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3094162968095839258.post-59527626993023934222021-11-13T14:56:00.004-08:002021-11-13T15:07:57.400-08:00<div class="Section1">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.85pt; margin-top: 3.65pt; margin: 3.65pt 9.85pt 0cm 26.1pt; text-align: justify;">Amplification by Flock Propagation Applied And Environmental
Microbiology, Dec. 1996. P 4914 – 4620.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 148%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.7pt; margin-top: 10.2pt; margin: 10.2pt 9.7pt 0cm 26.1pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 148%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Pedroso A.A., Andrade M.A., Café
B.B., Manten.Leandro J.F.M., and Stringhini J.H., 2005. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 148%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Fertility
and hatchability of eggs laid in the pullet- to breeder transition period and
the initial production period. Animal reproduction science, 90(3): 355-364.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.8pt; margin-top: 10.2pt; margin: 10.2pt 9.8pt 0cm 26.1pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Pilet C ; Bourdon JL ; Toma B ;
Marchal N et Balastre C, 1983. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Bactériologie médicale et vétérinaire,
2e édition, 121-138.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.95pt; margin-top: 10.0pt; margin: 10pt 9.95pt 0cm 26.1pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Poppe C, Duncan C et Mazzocco A.
1998</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">. Salmonella Contamination of Hatching and Table Eggs: A
Comparison. Can J Vet Res 62, 1998. P 191 – 198.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 249.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 10.3pt; margin: 10.3pt 0cm 0cm 249.7pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo19; tab-stops: 249.75pt; text-indent: -233.7pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>R<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>-</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.45pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.75pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 9.75pt 0cm 26.1pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Rachidi-Sidhoum N et Brugere-Picoux
J. 1992. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Autres affections bactériennes. P 267 – 272. In manuel de
pathologie aviaire Edition : Maison Alfort, 1992.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.9pt; margin-top: 10.1pt; margin: 10.1pt 9.9pt 0cm 26.1pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Reboli A. C et. Farrar W. E, 1989 .
</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae : An Occupational Pathogen. , Clinical
Microbiology Reviews, Vol 2, Num 4, Oct 1989. P 354-359.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.9pt; margin-top: 10.0pt; margin: 10pt 9.9pt 0cm 26.1pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Rechidi-Sidhoum N, Brugere-Picoux
J., 1992. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Manuel de pathologie aviaire. Edition Tec & doc,
lavoisier, Paris.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.7pt; margin-top: 9.95pt; margin: 9.95pt 9.7pt 0cm 26.1pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Reed K. D, Meece J. K, Henkel J. S
et Shukla S. K. 2003 . </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Birds, Migration and Emerging Zoonoses : West Nile
Virus, Lyme Disease, Influenza A and Enteropathogens, Clinical Medicine &
Research, Vol 1, Num 1, 2003. P 5 – 12.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.95pt; margin-top: 10.05pt; margin: 10.05pt 9.95pt 0cm 26.1pt; text-align: justify;"><b>Reijrink I., 2009. </b>How to
survive prolonged egg storage? HatchTech Incubation Technology. Technical
Information.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.7pt; margin-top: 9.95pt; margin: 9.95pt 9.7pt 0cm 26.1pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Reijrink I., Berghmans D.,
Meijerhof R., Kemp B. et van den Brand H, 2010. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Influence
of egg storage duration and preincubation warming profile on embryonic development,
hatchability and chick quality. Poultry Science, 89, 1225-1238.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.9pt; margin-top: 10.05pt; margin: 10.05pt 9.9pt 0cm 26.1pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Rekkik R. M et Silim A. 1992 . </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Les
reoviroses P 145 – 148 In manuel de pathologie aviaire ; Edition : Maison
Alfort, 1992.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="break-before: page; mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section2">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.8pt; margin-top: 3.65pt; margin: 3.65pt 9.8pt 0cm 26.1pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Reyns P. S, Macdougald L. R et
Mathis G. F. 1983 . </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Survival of coccidia in poultry litter and reservoirs
of infections. Avian disease, 27, 1983. P 464-473.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.75pt; margin-top: 9.95pt; margin: 9.95pt 9.75pt 0cm 26.1pt; text-align: justify;"><b>Russell S.M., 2003. </b>The Effect
of Electrolyzed Oxidative Water Applied Using Electrostatic Spraying on
Pathogenic and Indicator Bacteria on the Surface of Eggs. Poultry Science,
82:158T162.</p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 250.75pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 10.25pt; margin: 10.25pt 0cm 0cm 250.75pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo19; tab-stops: 250.8pt; text-indent: -234.5pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>S -</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.9pt; margin-top: .05pt; margin: 0.05pt 9.9pt 0cm 26.1pt; text-align: justify;"><b>Salaun J. L., 1988. </b>La
pondeuse reproductrice de type chair. L'Aviculture Française, Informations
techniques des services vétérinaires n° 100 à 103, Editions R Rosset, Paris,
France, 167 – 185.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.95pt; margin-top: 10.05pt; margin: 10.05pt 9.95pt 0cm 26.1pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Sander J.E., Wilson J.L., Cheng
I.-H.and Gibbs P.S., 2003. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Influence of Slat Material on Hatching Egg Sanitation
and Slat Disinfection J. Appl. Poult. Res. 12:74T80.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 10.0pt; margin-top: 9.95pt; margin: 9.95pt 10pt 0cm 26.1pt; text-align: justify;"><b>Sarakbi T. 2001. </b>Biosecurity
in hatcheries. Poultry of middle east and north Africa Num 159, Jul – Aug 2001.
P 22 – 23 De Lang G. (2011). Good hygiene a must for the modern hatchery. <i>World Poultry</i>. Vol 26 n°10, p18-20.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 10.0pt; margin-top: 10.05pt; margin: 10.05pt 10pt 0cm 26.1pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Sauter E.A. et Petersen C.F.
(1974). </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">The effect of egg shell quality on penetration by various
Salmonellae. Journal of Poultry Science, 35, 2159-2162.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.5pt; margin-top: 9.95pt; margin: 9.95pt 9.5pt 0cm 26.1pt; text-align: justify;"><b>Sauveur B, 1988. </b>Reproduction
des Volailles et production d’œufs. Edition NRA, 11-49; 347- 375 ; 377-431.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.85pt; margin-top: 9.95pt; margin: 9.95pt 9.85pt 0cm 26.1pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Sauveur Bernard et de Reviers
Michel, 1988. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Développement embryonnaire et incubation in Reproduction des
volailles et production d'œufs. Editions INRA, Paris, France.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.85pt; margin-top: 10.1pt; margin: 10.1pt 9.85pt 0cm 26.1pt; text-align: justify;"><b>Schelcher F. 1992. </b>Pasteurelloses
aviaires P 241–249 ; In manuel de pathologie aviaire ; Edition : Maison Alfort,
1992.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 10.05pt; margin-top: 10.0pt; margin: 10pt 10.05pt 0cm 26.1pt; text-align: justify;"><b>Scott T. A. 1993. </b>The effect
of UV-light and air filtering system on embryo viability and microorganism load
on the egg shell, Journal of Applied Poultry Research 2, 1993. P 19-25.</p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="break-before: page; mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section3">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.7pt; margin-top: 3.65pt; margin: 3.65pt 9.7pt 0cm 26.1pt; text-align: justify;"><b>Scott T. A, Swetnam C et Kinsman
R. 1993. </b>Screening sanitizing agents and methods of application for
hatching eggs. III. Effect of concentration and exposure time on embryo
viability, Journal of Applied Poultry Research 2, 1993. P 12 – 18.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 10.0pt; margin: 10pt 0cm 0cm 26.1pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Shivaprasad H.L., 2016. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Manuel de pathologie aviaire. Editions Tec &
Doc, Lavoisier Paris.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.15pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.8pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 9.8pt 0cm 26.1pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Silim A et Kheyar A. 1992. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Les
adénoviroses aviaires P 133 – 138 ; In manuel de pathologie aviaire ; Edition :
Maison Alfort, 1992.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 10.1pt; margin: 10.1pt 0cm 0cm 26.1pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Smith, A.J., 1992. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">L’élevage des volailles. Deuxième volume. Paris 1992 p335.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.25pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 26.1pt; text-align: justify;"><b>SNR., 2003. </b>Charte de qualité SNR dans
les couvoir , jous 2003 , p 28-31.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.1pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.9pt; margin-top: .05pt; margin: 0.05pt 9.9pt 0cm 26.1pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Stoleson S.H., Beissinger
S.R.,Bruce et Drysdale , 1999. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Egg viability as a constraint on
hatching synchrony at high ambient temperature. Journal of animal and ecology,
68: 951- 962.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.8pt; margin-top: 10.05pt; margin: 10.05pt 9.8pt 0cm 26.1pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Strother K. O, Teelman C. D et Gbur
E. E. 2005 . </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Reservoir Competence of Lesser Mealworm (Coleoptera:
Tenebrionidae) for <i>Campylobacter jejuni ,
</i>Journal Of Medical Entomology, Vol. 42, No. 1, 2005. P 42 – 47.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 250.05pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 10.15pt; margin: 10.15pt 0cm 0cm 250.05pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo19; tab-stops: 250.1pt; text-indent: -233.9pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>T -</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.25pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 148%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.8pt; margin-top: .05pt; margin: 0.05pt 9.8pt 0cm 26.1pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 148%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Tber A, Jerrari C, Bouzoubaa K,
Mouahid M, Jouazi T, Amara A et Elhouadfi M. 1994. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 148%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Evaluation
de l’état hygiénique des couvoirs nationaux P 145 – 152. Le point sur
l’aviculture au Maroc, institut agronomique et vétérinaire Hassan II, 1994.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 10.2pt; margin: 10.2pt 0cm 0cm 26.1pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Thornton G., 2011. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Managing the hatch window. Watt Poultry USA, March, 20-22.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.45pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-left: 249.7pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo19; tab-stops: 249.75pt; text-indent: -233.7pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>V<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>-</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.3pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 9.3pt 0cm 26.1pt;"><b>Vanmarcke J, 1997. </b>Les principaux
facteurs responsables des chutes de ponte. Rhône Mérieux, 1-6.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.3pt; margin-top: 10.0pt; margin: 10pt 9.3pt 0cm 26.1pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Velthuis A.G.J., Boerjan M., van Riel J. Et Huirne
R.B.M., 2008. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Field study on broiler eggs hatchability. Poultry Science,
87, 2408-2417.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.3pt; margin-top: 10.0pt; margin: 10pt 9.3pt 0cm 26.1pt;"><b>Vendvogel H. 1992 . </b>La maladie de Gumboro
P 155 – 163; In manuel de pathologie aviaire ; Edition : Maison Alfort, 1992.</p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="break-before: page; mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section4">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.95pt; margin-top: 3.65pt; margin: 3.65pt 9.95pt 0cm 26.1pt; text-align: justify;"><b>Venne D. 1992 . </b>Bordetellose P
277 – 279 ; In manuel de pathologie aviaire. ; Edition : Maison Alfort,<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>1992.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 9.95pt; margin: 9.95pt 0cm 0cm 26.1pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Villate D, 1997. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Maladies des volailles. Editions France Agricole, 242- 258.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.25pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 26.1pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Villate D., 2001. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Maladies des volailles, 2eme édition France agricole, 55-56 et 236-269.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.5pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-left: 248pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo19; tab-stops: 248.05pt; text-indent: -232pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>W -</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.75pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 9.75pt 0cm 26.1pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Wageningen N. V., MeinderTts J.,
Bonnier P., et Kasper H., 1998</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">. L'incubation des œufs par les
poules et en couveuse. Agrodok n034, quatrième édition, Editions Fondation
Agromisa et CTA, Wageningen, Pays Bas, 61 p.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.7pt; margin-top: 9.95pt; margin: 9.95pt 9.7pt 0cm 26.1pt; text-align: justify;"><b>Walker S. E et Sander J. E. 2004. </b>Effect
of BioSentry 904 and Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid. Tris Disinfecting During
Incubation of Chicken Eggs on Microbial Levels and Productivity of Poultry,
Avian Diseases 48, 2004. P 238 – 243.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.75pt; margin-top: 10.0pt; margin: 10pt 9.75pt 0cm 26.1pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Walker S. E, Sander J. E, Cheng I.
H et Woole R. E. 2002. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">The in vitro efficacy of a quaternary ammonia
disinfectant and / or Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid. Tris against commercial
broiler hatchery isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. P 826 – 830, Avian
Diseases 46 (4), 2002.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.6pt; margin-top: 10.0pt; margin: 10pt 9.6pt 0cm 26.1pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">White D. G, Ayers S, Maurer J. J,
Thayer S. G et Hofacre C. 2003. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Antimicrobial susceptibilities of
Staphylococcus aureus isolated from commercial broilers in northeastern
Georgia. Avian Diseases; 47(1), Jan-Mar 2003. P 203 – 210.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 148%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.55pt; margin-top: 10.25pt; margin: 10.25pt 9.55pt 0cm 26.1pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 148%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Wolanski N.J., Renema R.A.,
Robinson F.E., Carney V.L., and Fancher B.I., 2007. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 148%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Relationships
among egg characteristics, chick measurements and early growth traits in ten
broiler breeder strains.Poultry science, 86:1784-1792.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.85pt; margin-top: 10.25pt; margin: 10.25pt 9.85pt 0cm 26.1pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Workman S. N, Mathison G. E et
Lavoie M. C. 2005 </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Pet Dogs and Chicken Meat as Reservoirs of <i>Campylobacter spp</i>. in Barbados.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 248.75pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 10.2pt; margin: 10.2pt 0cm 0cm 248.75pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo19; tab-stops: 248.75pt; text-indent: -232.6pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Y<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>–</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.55pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 9.55pt 0cm 26.1pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Yagani M, Nilipour A et Butcher G.
D. 2000. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Disease outbreaks often caused by humans, World poultry, Vol
20, Num 10, 2004. P 54 – 55.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="break-before: page; mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section5">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 148%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.7pt; margin-top: 3.9pt; margin: 3.9pt 9.7pt 0cm 26.1pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 148%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Yalcin S., çabuk M., Bruggeman V.,
Babacanoglu E., Buyse J., Decuypere E., and Siegel P.B., 2008. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 148%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Acclimation
to heat during incubation.1.Embryonic morphological traits, blood biochemistry,
and hatching performance.Poultry science, 87: 1219-1228.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 250.05pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 10.4pt; margin: 10.4pt 0cm 0cm 250.05pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo19; tab-stops: 250.1pt; text-indent: -234.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Z<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>-</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.45pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.95pt; margin-top: .05pt; margin: 0.05pt 9.95pt 0cm 26.1pt; text-align: justify;"><b>Zahraei-SalehiT., and
Farashi-Bounab S., 2006. </b>Antibiotics susceptibility pattern of Escherichia
coli strains isolated from chickens with coli septicemia in Tabriz province,
Iran. International journal of poultry science, 5(7): 677-68.</p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="break-before: page; mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section6">
<p class="Heading3" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 65.15pt; margin-right: 63.15pt; margin-top: 3.9pt; margin: 3.9pt 63.15pt 0cm 65.15pt;"><a name="Annexes-fnl"></a>Annexes</p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.5pt; margin: 12.5pt 0cm 0cm 31pt;">Annexe 01 : Questionnaire</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.5pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 31pt;"><b><i><span style="color: red;">A remplir
par le chef de couvoir</span><o:p></o:p></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.45pt;"><b><i><span style="font-size: 6pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 43.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.6pt; margin: 4.6pt 0cm 0cm 43pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: 43.05pt; text-indent: -12.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>1-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Identification du<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>couvoir<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.1pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l14 level2 lfo20; tab-stops: 37.65pt; text-indent: -6.65pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Nom du couvoir :<span style="letter-spacing: -0.45pt;"> </span>…………………………………………………………………………</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.45pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l14 level2 lfo20; tab-stops: 37.65pt; text-indent: -6.65pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Emplacement :<span style="letter-spacing: -0.5pt;"> </span>……………………………………………………………………………</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.3pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top: 0.05pt; mso-list: l14 level2 lfo20; tab-stops: 37.65pt; text-indent: -6.65pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Date d’ouverture :<span style="letter-spacing: -0.5pt;"> </span>………………………………………………………………………...</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.45pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l14 level2 lfo20; tab-stops: 37.65pt; text-indent: -6.65pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Capacités du couvoir<span style="letter-spacing: -0.45pt;"> </span>:…………………………………………………………………….</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.45pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l14 level2 lfo20; tab-stops: 37.65pt; text-indent: -6.65pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Nombre des incubateurs dans la sale d’incubation<span style="letter-spacing: -0.7pt;"> </span>:……………………………………...</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 43pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: 43.05pt; text-indent: -12.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>2-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Contrôle<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>visuel<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.2pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l14 level2 lfo20; tab-stops: 37.65pt; text-indent: -6.65pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>État générale des salles :</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.25pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 113.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; margin: 0.05pt 0cm 0cm 113.7pt; mso-list: l14 level3 lfo20; tab-stops: 113.75pt 221.45pt; text-indent: -14pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-font-width: 111%;">☐<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Propres <b><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"">☐<span style="letter-spacing: -0.95pt;"> </span></span></b>Sales</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.35pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 40.35pt; mso-list: l14 level2 lfo20; tab-stops: 40.4pt; text-indent: -6.65pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Matériel :</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 113.7pt; mso-list: l14 level3 lfo20; tab-stops: 113.75pt 227.6pt; text-indent: -14pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-font-width: 111%;">☐<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Nouveau <b><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"">☐</span></b>Ancien</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.3pt;"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 113.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; margin: 0.05pt 0cm 0cm 113.7pt; mso-list: l14 level3 lfo20; tab-stops: 113.75pt 228.2pt; text-indent: -14pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-font-width: 111%;">☐<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Propre <b><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"">☐<span style="letter-spacing: -0.95pt;"> </span></span></b>Sale</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.35pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l14 level2 lfo20; tab-stops: 37.65pt; text-indent: -6.65pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Les œufs<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>:</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.25pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 135.65pt; mso-list: l14 level3 lfo20; tab-stops: 135.7pt 206.2pt; text-indent: -13.95pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-font-width: 111%;">☐<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Propre <b><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"">☐<span style="letter-spacing: -0.95pt;"> </span></span></b>Sale</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.35pt;"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 37.35pt; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: 37.4pt 121.5pt 207.65pt 313.75pt; text-indent: -6.4pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Couleurs : <b><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"">☐<span style="letter-spacing: -0.7pt;"> </span></span></b>Blanc <b><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"">☐<span style="letter-spacing: -0.7pt;"> </span></span></b>Blanc<span style="letter-spacing: 0.25pt;"> </span>sale <b><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"">☐<span style="letter-spacing: -0.95pt;"> </span></span></b>Roux</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.15pt;"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="TableNormal" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 28.85pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;">
<tbody><tr style="height: 71.7pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="height: 71.7pt; padding: 0cm; width: 164.35pt;" valign="top" width="219">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 12.2pt; margin-left: 8.7pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: 8.75pt; text-indent: -6.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Présence des taches de sang<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">
</span>:</p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; margin: 0.05pt 0cm 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 8.7pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: 8.75pt; text-indent: -6.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Présence de poussière<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>:</p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .5pt; margin: 0.5pt 0cm 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 8.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; margin: 0.05pt 0cm 0cm 8.7pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: 8.75pt; text-indent: -6.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>présence d’autre débris<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>:</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 71.7pt; padding: 0cm; width: 64.7pt;" valign="top" width="86">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 12.45pt; margin-left: 1cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: 28.4pt; text-indent: -13.95pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-font-width: 111%;">☐<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>oui</p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .4pt; margin: 0.4pt 0cm 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 29.55pt; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: 29.6pt; text-indent: -13.95pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-font-width: 111%;">☐<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>oui</p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .3pt; margin: 0.3pt 0cm 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 29.55pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; margin: 0.05pt 0cm 0cm 29.55pt; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: 29.6pt; text-indent: -13.95pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-font-width: 111%;">☐<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>oui</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 71.7pt; padding: 0cm; width: 100.65pt;" valign="top" width="134">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 12.45pt; margin-left: 68.55pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: 68.6pt; text-indent: -13.95pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-font-width: 111%;">☐<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Non</p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .4pt; margin: 0.4pt 0cm 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 69.75pt; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: 69.8pt; text-indent: -13.95pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-font-width: 111%;">☐<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Non</p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .3pt; margin: 0.3pt 0cm 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 69.75pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; margin: 0.05pt 0cm 0cm 69.75pt; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: 69.8pt; text-indent: -13.95pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-font-width: 111%;">☐<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Non</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 25.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="height: 25.45pt; padding: 0cm; width: 164.35pt;" valign="top" width="219">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 9.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.1pt; margin: 6.1pt 0cm 0cm 9.1pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: 9.15pt; text-indent: -6.65pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>L’eau<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>:</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 25.45pt; padding: 0cm; width: 64.7pt;" valign="top" width="86">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</td>
<td style="height: 25.45pt; padding: 0cm; width: 100.65pt;" valign="top" width="134">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 25.95pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="height: 25.95pt; padding: 0cm; width: 164.35pt;" valign="top" width="219">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 112.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.2pt; margin: 6.2pt 0cm 0cm 112.65pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: 112.7pt; text-indent: -13.95pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-font-width: 111%;">☐<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Propre</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 25.95pt; padding: 0cm; width: 64.7pt;" valign="top" width="86">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</td>
<td style="height: 25.95pt; padding: 0cm; width: 100.65pt;" valign="top" width="134">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.2pt; margin: 6.2pt 0cm 0cm 31.35pt; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: 31.4pt; text-indent: -13.95pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-font-width: 111%;">☐<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Sale</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 26.35pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="height: 26.35pt; padding: 0cm; width: 164.35pt;" valign="top" width="219">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 112.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.65pt; margin: 6.65pt 0cm 0cm 112.65pt; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: 112.7pt; text-indent: -13.95pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-font-width: 111%;">☐<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Limpide</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 26.35pt; padding: 0cm; width: 64.7pt;" valign="top" width="86">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</td>
<td style="height: 26.35pt; padding: 0cm; width: 100.65pt;" valign="top" width="134">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.65pt; margin: 6.65pt 0cm 0cm 31pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: 31.05pt; text-indent: -14pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-font-width: 111%;">☐<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Souillée</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 19.3pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="height: 19.3pt; padding: 0cm; width: 164.35pt;" valign="top" width="219">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 11.65pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.65pt; margin: 6.65pt 0cm 0cm 2.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">- présence d’odeur particulière :</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 19.3pt; padding: 0cm; width: 64.7pt;" valign="top" width="86">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 11.65pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.65pt; margin: 6.65pt 0cm 0cm 31pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: 31.05pt; text-indent: -14pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-font-width: 111%;">☐<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Oui</p>
</td>
<td style="height: 19.3pt; padding: 0cm; width: 100.65pt;" valign="top" width="134">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 11.65pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 79.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.65pt; margin: 6.65pt 0cm 0cm 79.1pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: 79.15pt; text-indent: -13.85pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-font-width: 111%;">☐<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Non</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="break-before: page; mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section7">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.7pt; margin: 3.7pt 0cm 0cm 31pt;">-type de source de l’eau
……………………………………………………………………</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.1pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 43pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: 43.05pt; text-indent: -12.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>3-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>La<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>ventilation<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.1pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l14 level2 lfo20; tab-stops: 37.65pt; text-indent: -6.65pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Le type de ventilation<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>:</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.25pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 90.4pt; mso-list: l14 level3 lfo20; tab-stops: 90.45pt 195.05pt 320.7pt; text-indent: -13.95pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-font-width: 111%;">☐<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Statique <b><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"" style="mso-font-width: 105%;">☐<span style="letter-spacing: -1.8pt;"> </span></span></b>Dynamique <b><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"" style="mso-font-width: 105%;">☐<span style="letter-spacing: -1.2pt;"> </span></span></b>Mixte</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top: 2.5pt; mso-list: l14 level2 lfo20; tab-stops: 37.65pt; text-indent: -6.65pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Aux entrées d’air, y a-t-il un<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">
</span>filtre?</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 119.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.1pt; margin: 3.1pt 0cm 0cm 119.45pt; mso-list: l14 level3 lfo20; tab-stops: 119.5pt 243.1pt; text-indent: -14pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-font-width: 111%;">☐<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Oui <b><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"">☐<span style="letter-spacing: -0.95pt;"> </span></span></b>Non</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 43.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; margin: 0.05pt 0cm 0cm 43pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: 43.05pt; text-indent: -12.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>4-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Identification des<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>lots<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.05pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l14 level2 lfo20; tab-stops: 37.65pt; text-indent: -6.65pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Nombre des lots :<span style="letter-spacing: -0.5pt;"> </span>…………………………………………………………………………</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.5pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l14 level2 lfo20; tab-stops: 37.65pt; text-indent: -6.65pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Date d’arrivage des différents lots :<span style="letter-spacing: -0.75pt;"> </span>………………………………………………………</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.35pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l14 level2 lfo20; tab-stops: 37.65pt; text-indent: -6.65pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Séparation entre les lots<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>:</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.35pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 174.2pt; mso-list: l14 level3 lfo20; tab-stops: 174.25pt 297.8pt; text-indent: -14pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-font-width: 111%;">☐<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Oui <b><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"">☐<span style="letter-spacing: -0.95pt;"> </span></span></b>Non</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l14 level2 lfo20; tab-stops: 37.65pt; text-indent: -6.65pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Origine des lots<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>:</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.25pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 174.2pt; mso-list: l14 level3 lfo20; tab-stops: 174.25pt 300.55pt; text-indent: -14pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-font-width: 111%;">☐<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>La<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>même <b><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"">☐<span style="letter-spacing: -0.95pt;"> </span></span></b>Différentes</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l14 level2 lfo20; tab-stops: 37.65pt; text-indent: -6.65pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Présence des lots suspects<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>:</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.35pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 174.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; margin: 0.05pt 0cm 0cm 174.2pt; mso-list: l14 level3 lfo20; tab-stops: 174.25pt 297.8pt; text-indent: -14pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-font-width: 111%;">☐<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Oui <b><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"">☐<span style="letter-spacing: -0.95pt;"> </span></span></b>Non</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.35pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 37.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; margin: 0.05pt 0cm 0cm 37.7pt; mso-list: l14 level2 lfo20; tab-stops: 37.75pt; text-indent: -6.75pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Incubation des lots<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>:</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.35pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 174.2pt; mso-list: l14 level3 lfo20; tab-stops: 174.25pt 299.25pt; text-indent: -14pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-font-width: 111%;">☐<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Isolée <b><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"">☐<span style="letter-spacing: -0.95pt;"> </span></span></b>Ensemble</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 37.7pt; mso-list: l14 level2 lfo20; tab-stops: 37.75pt; text-indent: -6.75pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Incubation répondant aux normes de calibrage<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>:</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.25pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 174.2pt; mso-list: l14 level3 lfo20; tab-stops: 174.25pt 297.8pt; text-indent: -14pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-font-width: 111%;">☐<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Oui <b><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"">☐<span style="letter-spacing: -0.95pt;"> </span></span></b>Non</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.05pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 43pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: 43.05pt; text-indent: -12.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>5-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Contrôle des<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>camions<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.2pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l14 level2 lfo20; tab-stops: 37.65pt; text-indent: -6.65pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Contrôle Avant transport<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>:</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.25pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 174.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; margin: 0.05pt 0cm 0cm 174.2pt; mso-list: l14 level3 lfo20; tab-stops: 174.25pt 297.8pt; text-indent: -14pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-font-width: 111%;">☐<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Oui <b><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"">☐<span style="letter-spacing: -0.95pt;"> </span></span></b>Non</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l14 level2 lfo20; tab-stops: 37.65pt; text-indent: -6.65pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Contrôle après transport<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>:</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.35pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 174.2pt; mso-list: l14 level3 lfo20; tab-stops: 174.25pt 297.8pt; text-indent: -14pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-font-width: 111%;">☐<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Oui <b><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"">☐<span style="letter-spacing: -0.95pt;"> </span></span></b>Non</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l14 level2 lfo20; tab-stops: 37.65pt; text-indent: -6.65pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Type des camions de transport :</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.35pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 174.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; margin: 0.05pt 0cm 0cm 174.2pt; mso-list: l14 level3 lfo20; tab-stops: 174.25pt 300.2pt; text-indent: -14pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-font-width: 111%;">☐<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Frigorifiés <b><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"">☐ </span></b>Non<span style="letter-spacing: -1.1pt;"> </span>frigorifiés</p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="break-before: page; mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section8">
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 43.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.95pt; margin: 3.95pt 0cm 0cm 43pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: 43.05pt; text-indent: -12.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>6-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Identification des<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>casiers<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.2pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l14 level2 lfo20; tab-stops: 37.65pt; text-indent: -6.65pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Présence d’étiquette d’identification sur les caisses par lot<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span>:</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.25pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 174.2pt; mso-list: l14 level3 lfo20; tab-stops: 174.25pt 297.8pt; text-indent: -14pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-font-width: 111%;">☐<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Oui <b><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"">☐<span style="letter-spacing: -0.95pt;"> </span></span></b>Non</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l14 level2 lfo20; tab-stops: 37.65pt; text-indent: -6.65pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Date :<span style="letter-spacing: -0.4pt;"> </span>……………………………………………………………………………………..</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.45pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l14 level2 lfo20; tab-stops: 37.65pt; text-indent: -6.65pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>L’origine :<span style="letter-spacing: -0.5pt;"> </span>………………………………………………………………………………...</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 42.9pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: 42.9pt; text-indent: -11.9pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>7-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Personnel<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.2pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l14 level2 lfo20; tab-stops: 37.65pt; text-indent: -6.65pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Accès au couvoir<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>:</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.3pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 130.15pt; mso-list: l14 level3 lfo20; tab-stops: 130.2pt 303.3pt; text-indent: -13.85pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-font-width: 111%;">☐<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Personnel<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>seulement <b><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"">☐<span style="letter-spacing: -0.9pt;"> </span></span></b>Étrangers</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.35pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top: 0.05pt; mso-list: l14 level2 lfo20; tab-stops: 37.65pt; text-indent: -6.65pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Personnel spécialisé par poste<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">
</span>:</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.35pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 174.2pt; mso-list: l14 level3 lfo20; tab-stops: 174.25pt 297.8pt; text-indent: -14pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-font-width: 111%;">☐<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Oui <b><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"">☐<span style="letter-spacing: -0.95pt;"> </span></span></b>Non</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l14 level2 lfo20; tab-stops: 37.65pt; text-indent: -6.65pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Tenus vestimentaire spécifique au secteur<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>:</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.35pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 174.2pt; mso-list: l14 level3 lfo20; tab-stops: 174.25pt 297.8pt; text-indent: -14pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-font-width: 111%;">☐<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Oui <b><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"">☐<span style="letter-spacing: -0.95pt;"> </span></span></b>Non</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.05pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 43pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: 43.05pt; text-indent: -12.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>8-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Contrôle expérimentale
des salles et des machines régulier<span style="letter-spacing: -0.8pt;"> </span>:<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.05pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 174.2pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo18; tab-stops: 174.25pt 300.55pt; text-indent: -14pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-font-width: 111%;">☐<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Oui <b><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"">☐<span style="letter-spacing: 0.15pt;"> </span></span></b>Non</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l14 level2 lfo20; tab-stops: 37.65pt; text-indent: -6.65pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Fréquence des contrôles :<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>………………………………………………………………...</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.1pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 43pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: 43.05pt; text-indent: -12.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>9-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Respect de manipulation
et d’identification des lots<span style="letter-spacing: 0.1pt;"> </span>:<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.05pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 174.2pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo18; tab-stops: 174.25pt 300.55pt; text-indent: -14pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-font-width: 111%;">☐<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Oui <b><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"">☐<span style="letter-spacing: -0.95pt;"> </span></span></b>Non</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 48.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; margin: 0.05pt 0cm 0cm 48.5pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: 48.55pt; text-indent: -17.55pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>10-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Vide<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>sanitaire<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.2pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l14 level2 lfo20; tab-stops: 37.65pt; text-indent: -6.65pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Respect de vide sanitaire<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>:</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.25pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 174.2pt; mso-list: l14 level3 lfo20; tab-stops: 174.25pt 300.55pt; text-indent: -14pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-font-width: 111%;">☐<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Oui <b><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"">☐<span style="letter-spacing: -0.95pt;"> </span></span></b>Non</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.5pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l14 level2 lfo20; tab-stops: 37.65pt; text-indent: -6.65pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Durée de vide sanitaire :<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span>………………………………………………………………….</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.35pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l14 level2 lfo20; tab-stops: 37.65pt; text-indent: -6.65pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Utilisation des produits et détergents au cours de vide
sanitaire<span style="letter-spacing: -0.45pt;"> </span>:</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 174.2pt; mso-list: l14 level3 lfo20; tab-stops: 174.25pt 300.55pt; text-indent: -14pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-font-width: 111%;">☐<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Oui <b><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"">☐<span style="letter-spacing: -0.95pt;"> </span></span></b>Non</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l14 level2 lfo20; tab-stops: 37.65pt; text-indent: -6.65pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Avez-vous été confrontés à des problèmes d’origine infectieuses<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>:</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 174.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.8pt; margin: 2.8pt 0cm 0cm 174.2pt; mso-list: l14 level3 lfo20; tab-stops: 174.25pt 300.55pt; text-indent: -14pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-font-width: 111%;">☐<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Oui <b><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"">☐<span style="letter-spacing: -0.95pt;"> </span></span></b>Non</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 2.65pt; margin: 2.65pt 0cm 0cm 31pt;">- Lesquels :<span style="letter-spacing: -0.35pt;"> </span>…………………………………………………………………………………</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 1.85pt; margin: 1.85pt 0cm 0cm 31pt;">-Mesures prises face à ces
problèmes :<span style="letter-spacing: -0.55pt;"> </span>………………………………………………….....</p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="break-before: page; mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section9">
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 48.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.95pt; margin: 3.95pt 0cm 0cm 48.5pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: 48.55pt; text-indent: -17.55pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>11-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Désinfection<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>:<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.4pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l14 level2 lfo20; tab-stops: 37.65pt; text-indent: -6.65pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Quels locaux du couvoir ont été désinfectés :<span style="letter-spacing: -0.3pt;"> </span>……………………………………………</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.45pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 31pt;">- combien de fois :
………………………………………………………………………….</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.3pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top: 0.05pt; mso-list: l14 level2 lfo20; tab-stops: 37.65pt; text-indent: -6.65pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Désinfection des œufs à couver :<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span>…………………………………………………………</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.2pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 185.1pt; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: 185.15pt 322.5pt; text-indent: -13.85pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: kiloji; mso-bidi-font-family: kiloji; mso-fareast-font-family: kiloji;">☐<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Oui <span style="font-family: kiloji;">☐<span style="letter-spacing: -2.75pt;"> </span></span>Non</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.45pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 31pt;">- Techniques de désinfection :<span style="letter-spacing: -0.65pt;"> </span>……………………………………………………………..</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.35pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 31pt;">- Désinfectants utilisés :<span style="letter-spacing: -0.7pt;"> </span>……………………………………………………………………</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.45pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; margin: 0.05pt 0cm 0cm 31pt;">- Fréquence :<span style="letter-spacing: -0.35pt;"> </span>……………………………………………………………………………….</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.15pt;"><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 48.5pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: 48.55pt; text-indent: -17.55pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>12-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Respect au circuit au
sens unique<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span>:<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.2pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 174.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; margin: 0.05pt 0cm 0cm 174.2pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo18; tab-stops: 174.25pt 300.55pt; text-indent: -14pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-font-width: 111%;">☐<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Oui <b><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"">☐<span style="letter-spacing: -0.95pt;"> </span></span></b>Non</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.45pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 48.4pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: 48.45pt; text-indent: -17.45pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>13-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Présence des poussins «
communication avec la salle d'éclosion »<span style="letter-spacing: -0.45pt;"> </span>:<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.2pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 174.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; margin: 0.05pt 0cm 0cm 174.2pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo18; tab-stops: 174.25pt 300.55pt; text-indent: -14pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-font-width: 111%;">☐<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Oui <b><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"">☐<span style="letter-spacing: -0.95pt;"> </span></span></b>Non</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.45pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 48.5pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: 48.55pt; text-indent: -17.55pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>14-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Mélange des lots et
dispersion des lots suspects dans les caisses d'éclosion<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span>:<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.25pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 174.2pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo18; tab-stops: 174.25pt 300.55pt; text-indent: -14pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-font-width: 111%;">☐<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Oui <b><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"">☐<span style="letter-spacing: -0.95pt;"> </span></span></b>Non</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.25pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 48.5pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: 48.55pt; text-indent: -17.55pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>15-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Respect de la chronologie
du transfert<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span>:<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.45pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 174.2pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo18; tab-stops: 174.25pt 300.55pt; text-indent: -14pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-font-width: 111%;">☐<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Oui <b><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"">☐<span style="letter-spacing: -0.95pt;"> </span></span></b>Non</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.25pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 48.4pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: 48.45pt; text-indent: -17.45pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>16-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Perte de l'identification
des lots à la sortie<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>:<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.45pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 174.2pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo18; tab-stops: 174.25pt 300.55pt; text-indent: -14pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-font-width: 111%;">☐<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Oui <b><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"">☐<span style="letter-spacing: -0.95pt;"> </span></span></b>Non</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.1pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 48.5pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: 48.55pt; text-indent: -17.55pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>17-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Maitrise des flux d'air à
la sortie d'éclosion « risque du duvet »<span style="letter-spacing: -0.45pt;"> </span>:<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.05pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 13pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 177.2pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo18; tab-stops: 177.25pt 303.55pt; text-indent: -14pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-font-width: 111%;">☐<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Oui <b><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"">☐<span style="letter-spacing: -0.95pt;"> </span></span></b>Non.</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top: 2.5pt; mso-list: l14 level2 lfo20; tab-stops: 37.65pt; text-indent: -6.65pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Le système de récupération du<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">
</span>duvet</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 174.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.05pt; margin: 3.05pt 0cm 0cm 174.45pt; mso-list: l14 level3 lfo20; tab-stops: 174.45pt 305.7pt; text-indent: -13.95pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"" style="mso-bidi-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "DejaVu Sans"; mso-font-width: 111%;">☐<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Présent <b><span face=""DejaVu Sans","sans-serif"">☐<span style="letter-spacing: -0.95pt;"> </span></span></b>Absent</p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="break-before: page; mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section10">
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.95pt; margin: 3.95pt 0cm 0cm 31pt;">Annexe 02: Milieux de cultures</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.4pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 43.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; margin: 0.05pt 0cm 0cm 43pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: 43.05pt; text-indent: -12.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>1-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Eau peptonée tamponnée<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>(BIO-RAD)<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 272.1pt; margin-top: .05pt; margin: 0.05pt 272.1pt 0cm 31pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 39.35pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->*<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Composition (pour 1 litre d’eau<span style="letter-spacing: -0.85pt;">
</span>distillée) Peptone tripsyque : 10 g</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 309.95pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 309.95pt 0cm 31pt;">Chlorure de
sodium : 5 g Phosphate disodique : 3.5 g Phosphate monopotassique : 1.5 g PH
final : 7.0 +/- 0.2</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.2pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 43pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: 43.05pt; text-indent: -12.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>2-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Milieu de McConkey<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>(BIO-RAD)<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.5pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 272.1pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 272.1pt 0cm 31pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 39.35pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->*<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Composition (pour 1 litre d’eau<span style="letter-spacing: -0.85pt;">
</span>distillée) Peptone de caséine : 17<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>g</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 357.05pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 357.05pt 0cm 31pt;">Peptone de
viande : 3 g Lactose : 10 g</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 321.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 321.25pt 0cm 31pt;">Mélange de sels
biliaires : 1.5 g Chlorure de sodium : 5 g Rouge neutre : 0.03<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>g</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 361.3pt; margin-top: .05pt; margin: 0.05pt 361.3pt 0cm 31pt;">Cristal violet :
0.001 g Agar agar : 13.5 g</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.6pt; margin-left: 31pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">pH final : 7.1</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.15pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 43pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: 43.05pt; text-indent: -12.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>3-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Gélose<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>nutritive<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 272.1pt; margin-top: 6.1pt; margin: 6.1pt 272.1pt 0cm 31pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 39.35pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->*<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Composition (pour 1 litre d’eau<span style="letter-spacing: -0.85pt;">
</span>distillée) <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extrait_de_viande"><span color="windowtext" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Extrait de
viande </span></a>: 1,0<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>g/L</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 346.35pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 346.35pt 0cm 31pt;"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extrait_de_levure"><span color="windowtext" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Extrait de levure </span></a>: 2,5
g/L <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptone"><span color="windowtext" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Peptone </span></a>: 5,0 g/L</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 333.15pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 333.15pt 0cm 31pt;"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorure_de_sodium"><span color="windowtext" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Chlorure de sodium </span></a>:
5,0 g/L <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agar-agar"><span color="windowtext" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Agar-agar </span></a>:
15,0 g/L</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 31pt;"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH"><span color="windowtext" style="text-decoration-line: none;">pH </span></a>= 7,0</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.55pt;"><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 42.9pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: 42.9pt; text-indent: -11.9pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>4-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Bouillon<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>PRESTON<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.5pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 351.55pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 351.55pt 0cm 31pt;">Extrait de
viande : 10,0g Peptone : 10,0g</p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="break-before: page; mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section11">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 345.5pt; margin-top: 3.7pt; margin: 3.7pt 345.5pt 0cm 31pt;">Chlorure de
sodium : 5,0g Agar-agar :1,0g</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 397.05pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 397.05pt 0cm 31pt;">Eau : 1000mL pH
7,5 ± 0,2</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.1pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 43.95pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: 44.0pt; text-indent: -13pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>5-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Gélose<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>Karmali<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.05pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 329.6pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 329.6pt 0cm 31pt; tab-stops: 137.2pt;">Mélange
de peptones : 18,0 <span style="letter-spacing: -0.65pt;">g </span>Extrait de<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>levure<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">
</span>: 5,0 g</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 329.6pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 329.6pt 0cm 31pt; tab-stops: 101.8pt 137.2pt;">Amidon
de<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>maïs<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>: 1,0 g Chlorure de<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>sodium<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">
</span>: 5,0 g Charbon<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>activé<span style="letter-spacing: 0.05pt;"> </span>: 4,0g <span style="letter-spacing: -0.8pt;">: </span>Hémine<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>: 32,0
mg Pyruvate<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>de<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>sodium: 0,1
g Supplément sélectif céfopérazone 32<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>mg</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 326.8pt; margin-top: .05pt; margin: 0.05pt 326.8pt 0cm 31pt; tab-stops: 66.4pt 101.8pt 137.2pt;">vancomycine 20 mg amphotéricine<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>B : 10 <span style="letter-spacing: -0.45pt;">mg </span>Agar :10,0
g</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.6pt; margin-left: 31pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">pH = 7,4</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.15pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 43pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: 43.05pt; text-indent: -12.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>6-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Gélose Tryptone-Soja<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>(TSA)<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.05pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 333.15pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 333.15pt 0cm 31pt;">Peptone de
caséine :15,00 Peptone de soja: 5,00 Chlorure de sodium : 5,00 Agar :15,00</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 31pt;">pH: 7,3 <span style="font-family: Symbol;">±</span> 0,2v</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.35pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 43pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: 43.05pt; text-indent: -12.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>7-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Gélose Hektoen<span style="letter-spacing: -0.3pt;"> </span></b>(<b>BIO-RAD</b>)</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 272.1pt; margin-top: 6.35pt; margin: 6.35pt 272.1pt 0cm 31pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 39.35pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->*<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Composition (pour 1 litre d’eau<span style="letter-spacing: -0.85pt;">
</span>distillée) Protéose peptone : 12<span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> </span>g</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 331.95pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 331.95pt 0cm 31pt;">Extrait de
levure : 3 g Chlorure de sodium : 5 g Thiosulphate de sodium : 5 g Sels
biliaires : 9 g</p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="break-before: page; mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section12">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 310.6pt; margin-top: 3.7pt; margin: 3.7pt 310.6pt 0cm 31pt;">Citrates de fer
ammoniacal : 1.5 g Salicine : 2 g</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 363.75pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 363.75pt 0cm 31pt;">Lactose : 12 g
Saccharose : 12 g Fuschine acide : 0.1 g</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 341.1pt; margin-top: .05pt; margin: 0.05pt 341.1pt 0cm 31pt;">Bleu de
bromothymol : 0.1 <span style="color: #1f2021;">Agar </span>: <span style="color: #1f2021;">14,00 g</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 31pt;">pH: 7,5 <span style="font-family: Symbol;">±</span> 0,2</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.5pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 43pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: 43.05pt; text-indent: -12.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>8-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Milieu Bile Esculine
Azide<span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> </span>(BEA)<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.05pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 326.8pt; margin-top: .05pt; margin: 0.05pt 326.8pt 0cm 31pt; tab-stops: 79.95pt 94.0pt;"><span style="color: #1f2021;">Protéose peptone N° 3</span>: <span style="color: #1f2021;">3,00
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.7pt;">g </span>Esculine </span>: <span style="color: #1f2021;">1,00 g</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 306.15pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 306.15pt 0cm 31pt;"><span style="color: #1f2021;">Peptone de caséine </span>: <span style="color: #1f2021;">17,00g
Citrate ferrique ammoniacal </span>: <span style="color: #1f2021;">0,5 g Extrait
de levure </span>: <span style="color: #1f2021;">5,00<span style="letter-spacing: 2.55pt;"> </span>g</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 346.35pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 346.35pt 0cm 31pt;"><span style="color: #1f2021;">Azide de sodium </span>: <span style="color: #1f2021;">0,15
g Chlorure de sodium 5,00 Bile de bœuf </span>: <span style="color: #1f2021;">10,00
g Agar </span>: <span style="color: #1f2021;">15,00 g</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; margin: 0.05pt 0cm 0cm 31pt;">pH: 7,1 <span style="font-family: Symbol;">±</span> 0,2</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.45pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 31pt;"><b>09- Milieu de Chapman (BIO-RAD)<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.05pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 272.1pt; margin-top: .05pt; margin: 0.05pt 272.1pt 0cm 31pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 39.35pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->*<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Composition (pour 1 litre d’eau<span style="letter-spacing: -0.85pt;">
</span>distillée) Peptone : 11<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>g</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 344.8pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 344.8pt 0cm 31pt;">Extrait de
viande : 1 g Chlorure de sodium : 75 g Mannitol : 15 g</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.65pt; margin-left: 31pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">Agar : 15 g</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 343.9pt; margin-top: 6.25pt; margin: 6.25pt 343.9pt 0cm 31pt;">Rouge de phénol
: 0.025 g pH : 7.4 à 7.5</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.15pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 48.5pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 48.55pt; text-indent: -17.55pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">10-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Violet Red Bile Dextrose
Agar<span style="letter-spacing: -0.3pt;"> </span>(BIO-RAD)<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.05pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 39.35pt; text-indent: -8.35pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->*<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Composition (pour 1 litre d’eau<span style="letter-spacing: -0.3pt;">
</span>distillée)</p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="break-before: page; mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section13">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.7pt; margin: 3.7pt 0cm 0cm 31pt;">Peptone : 10g</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 364.35pt; margin-top: 6.3pt; margin: 6.3pt 364.35pt 0cm 31pt;">Extrait de
levure : 5 g Sels biliaires : 1.5 g Dextrose : 10 g</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 351.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 351pt 0cm 31pt;">Chlorure de
sodium : 5 g Rouge neutre : 30 g Cristal violet : 2 mg Agar : 12 g</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; margin: 0.05pt 0cm 0cm 31pt;">pH final : 7.4</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.15pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 48.5pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 48.55pt; text-indent: -17.55pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">11-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Gélose
SALMONELLA-SHIGELLA<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>(S.S.)<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.5pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 144.6pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 144.6pt 0cm 31pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 39.35pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->*<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Ingrédients en grammes pour un litre d’eau distillée ou
déminéralisée. Protéose peptone : 5,00<span style="letter-spacing: -0.3pt;"> </span>g</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 299.9pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 299.9pt 0cm 31pt;">Citrate ferrique
ammoniacal : 1,00 g Extrait de viande de bœuf : 5,00 g Thiosulfate de sodium:
8,50 g Lactose : 10,00 g</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 344.05pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 344.05pt 0cm 31pt;">Rouge neutre :
0,025 g Sels biliaires N° 3 : 8,50 g Vert brillant : 0,00033 g Citrate de
sodium : 8,50 g Agar : 13,50 g</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 31pt;">pH final: 6,9 <span style="font-family: Symbol;">±</span> 0,2</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 48.5pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 48.55pt; text-indent: -17.55pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">12-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Solution de<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>neutralisants<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.05pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 272.1pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 272.1pt 0cm 31pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 39.35pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->*<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Composition (pour 1 litre d’eau<span style="letter-spacing: -0.85pt;">
</span>distillée) Lécithine : 1<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>g</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 331.95pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 331.95pt 0cm 31pt;">Thiosulphate de
sodium : 5 g Tween 80 : 30 g</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 12.6pt; margin-left: 31pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">Phosphate disodique : 42.6 g</p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="break-before: page; mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.95pt; margin: 3.95pt 0cm 0cm 31pt;">Annexe 03 : Examen macroscopique des
caractères culturaux</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.2pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 28.85pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 28.85pt 0cm 31pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 11pt;">L’aspect des colonies dépend du milieu, de la durée et
la température d’incubation. Il ne pourra être décrit convenablement qu’à
partir des colonies bien isolées. La description des colonies doit mentionner
plusieurs éléments :</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.5pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 45.15pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 45.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>La<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> </span>taille</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 45.15pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.3pt; margin: 6.3pt 0cm 0cm 45.15pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 45.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>La forme : bombée, plate,
ombiliquée, à centre<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> </span>surélevé.</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 45.15pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.25pt; margin: 6.25pt 0cm 0cm 45.15pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 45.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>L’aspect de la surface :
lisse,<span style="letter-spacing: -0.35pt;"> </span>rugueux.</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 45.15pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.3pt; margin: 6.3pt 0cm 0cm 45.15pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 45.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>L’opacité : opaque,
translucide,<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span>transparent.</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 45.15pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.35pt; margin: 6.35pt 0cm 0cm 45.15pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 45.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>La consistance : grasse,
crémeuse, sèche,<span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"> </span>muqueuse.</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 45.15pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.2pt; margin: 6.2pt 0cm 0cm 45.15pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 45.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Pigmentation.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-size: 13pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 10.7pt; margin: 10.7pt 0cm 0cm 31pt;">Annexe 04 : Coloration de Gram</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.55pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 28.75pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 28.75pt 0cm 31pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.75pt;">L’examen microscopique après une coloration de Gram
nécessite au départ une préparation d’un frottis. Une colonie bien isolée d'une
culture en milieu solide sera prélevée et mise en suspension dans une goutte
d'eau distillée stérile. L’observation se fait à l’objectif x100. Cette
coloration permet de différencier les bactéries selon deux critères :</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 37.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 10.05pt; margin: 10.05pt 0cm 0cm 37.25pt; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: 37.3pt; text-indent: -6.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>leur forme (bacille, cocci,…etc.),</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 0.15pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 37.25pt; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: 37.3pt; text-indent: -6.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>leur affinité pour les colorants, en Gram positif et Gram<span style="letter-spacing: -0.7pt;"> </span>négatif<b>.<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 29pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 161.35pt; margin-top: .05pt; margin: 0.05pt 161.35pt 0cm 31pt; text-indent: 11pt;">Elle se déroule en plusieurs étapes qui se succèdent et consiste à : 1-
Fixer de frottis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 125.0pt; margin-top: 6.25pt; margin: 6.25pt 125pt 0cm 31pt;">2- Recouvrir le
frottis de la solution de cristal violet. Laisser agir 1 minute. 3- Rejeter le
colorant. Laver à l'eau.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 191.85pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 191.85pt 0cm 31pt;">4- Recouvrir la
préparation de Lugol. Laisser agir 1 minute. 5- Rejeter le Lugol. Laver à
l'eau.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 31.0pt; margin-right: 335.65pt; margin-top: .05pt; margin: 0.05pt 335.65pt 0cm 31pt;">6- Décolorer à
l'alcool 95°. 7- Rincer à l'eau courante.</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 49.0pt; margin-right: 29.15pt; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 29.15pt 0cm 49pt; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 49.05pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->8-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Recouvrir la lame de la solution
de Fuchsine diluée. Laisser agir quelques secondes et rejeter la Fuchsine.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">9-</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">
</span><span dir="LTR" style="text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;"></span><span style="text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">Laver abondamment à l'eau,
égouttée, sécher entre deux feuilles de papier buvard très propres.</span> </p>earnbtc4freehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03514123550786668019noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3094162968095839258.post-83754765462084884172021-11-13T14:55:00.001-08:002021-11-13T14:55:24.295-08:00<p style="text-align: center;"> </p><div class="Section1">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 113.1pt; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo11; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 113.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -45.45pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Pour les
échantillons réalisés à partir de l’air<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>ambiant<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 6.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">On compte le nombre de colonies ayant poussé sur les
géloses. Le niveau de contamination est défini comme étant le nombre UFC /
boite de Pétri (UFC : Unité Formant Colonie).</p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 113.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 8.25pt; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo11; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 113.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -45.45pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Pour les échantillons réalisés à
partir des<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>surfaces</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .35pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 39.4pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.5pt;">Le nombre de colonies dénombrées
(UFC / 0.1ml) doit être reporté en nombre d’UFC /</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt;">Cm2.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .05pt;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.95pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">La surface écouvillonnée est de 20 Cm2. 0.1 ml du tube
de départ contenant 10 ml correspond donc à 0.2 Cm2. Il faut multiplier par 5
le nombre de colonies comptées sur l’entièreté de la gélose pour obtenir le
nombre d’UFC / Cm2. (Ensemencement sans dilution).</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 6.0pt; margin-top: 7.95pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Le niveau de contamination sera défini comme étant le
logarithme décimal de (1 + la moyenne des UFC / Cm2).</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 8.05pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">NB : </b>Le logarithme décimal permet
d’avoir des présentations plus lisibles.</p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section2">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .2pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="left" class="Heading3" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.45pt; text-align: left;"><a name="chapitre_II-résultat_et_discussion_fini_"></a>Discussion des résultats</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .1pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 17.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-left: 15.75pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: 15.8pt; text-indent: -10.7pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">I.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Résultat de<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>l’enquête</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.6pt; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 141.35pt 429.35pt; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Toutes<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span>les<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span>enquêtes<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>faites<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>par<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Agabou<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>(2006) </b>sur<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>la<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>conception<span style="letter-spacing: -1.3pt;">
</span>du<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span>couvoir<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">ont </span>montré
que le couvoir est conçu comme le montre la <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">figure<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>12.<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .35pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><o:wrapblock><v:shapetype
id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t"
path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f">
<v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/>
<v:formulas>
<v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/>
<v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"/>
</v:formulas>
<v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/>
<o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/>
</v:shapetype><v:shape id="image19.png" o:spid="_x0000_s1031" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='position:absolute;margin-left:89.55pt;margin-top:12.65pt;width:424.8pt;
height:269pt;z-index:1;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square;
mso-wrap-distance-left:0;mso-wrap-distance-top:0;mso-wrap-distance-right:0;
mso-wrap-distance-bottom:0;mso-position-horizontal:absolute;
mso-position-horizontal-relative:page;mso-position-vertical:absolute;
mso-position-vertical-relative:text'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\antri03\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.png"
o:title=""/>
<w:wrap type="topAndBottom" anchorx="page"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;">
<table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody><tr>
<td height="0" width="120"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td><img height="359" src="file:///C:/Users/antri03/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.jpg" v:shapes="image19.png" width="566" /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</span><!--[endif]--><!--[if gte vml 1]></o:wrapblock><![endif]--><br clear="ALL" style="mso-ignore: vglayout;" />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 19.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: .65pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Figure 12 : </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Conception du couvoir <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Agabou.,
2006).<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 20.45pt; margin-right: 8.9pt; margin-top: .05pt; text-indent: -11.8pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">S. Inc : </span></i></b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Salle
d’incubation ; <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Inc : </b>Incubateur ; <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">S. Ecl : </b>Salle d’eclision ; <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ecl : </b>Eclosoir <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">C. Tran : </b>Couloir de transfert ; <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">D : </b>Douche ; <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">L : </b>Lavabo
; <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">T : </b>Toilettes ; <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">P : </b>Puit <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mag :<o:p></o:p></b></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 53.55pt;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Magasin ; <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Péd : </b>Pédiluve ; <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">A. Sta : </b>Aire de stationnement ; <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lo : </b>Loge ;<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: .3pt; margin-top: 11.1pt; tab-stops: 76.75pt 147.35pt; text-align: center;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="image20.png"
o:spid="_x0000_s1030" type="#_x0000_t75" style='position:absolute;left:0;
text-align:left;margin-left:264.1pt;margin-top:1.6pt;width:11.35pt;height:18.55pt;
z-index:-3;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square;mso-wrap-distance-left:0;
mso-wrap-distance-top:0;mso-wrap-distance-right:0;mso-wrap-distance-bottom:0;
mso-position-horizontal:absolute;mso-position-horizontal-relative:page;
mso-position-vertical:absolute;mso-position-vertical-relative:text'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\antri03\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.png"
o:title=""/>
<w:wrap anchorx="page"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 25px; left: 0px; margin-left: 352px; margin-top: 2px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 15px; z-index: -3;"><img height="25" src="file:///C:/Users/antri03/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.jpg" v:shapes="image20.png" width="15" /></span><!--[endif]--><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="image21.png"
o:spid="_x0000_s1029" type="#_x0000_t75" style='position:absolute;left:0;
text-align:left;margin-left:338.65pt;margin-top:1.1pt;width:7.95pt;height:18.95pt;
z-index:-2;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square;mso-wrap-distance-left:0;
mso-wrap-distance-top:0;mso-wrap-distance-right:0;mso-wrap-distance-bottom:0;
mso-position-horizontal:absolute;mso-position-horizontal-relative:page;
mso-position-vertical:absolute;mso-position-vertical-relative:text'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\antri03\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image005.png"
o:title=""/>
<w:wrap anchorx="page"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="height: 25px; left: 0px; margin-left: 451px; margin-top: 2px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 11px; z-index: -2;"><img height="25" src="file:///C:/Users/antri03/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image006.jpg" v:shapes="image21.png" width="11" /></span><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">B :<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span></span></i></b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Bureau ;<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>Fenêtres ;<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>Ventilateur<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section3">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.8pt; margin-top: 4.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Au terme de l’étude effectuer par <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Agabou (2006) </b>plusieurs points concernant les mesures de sécurité
sanitaire relatives à la structure (implantation, agencement, circulation,
ventilation, matériaux de construction), à la gestion des couvoirs et aux
procédures de nettoyage et de désinfection, sont relevés :</p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-top: 8.3pt; mso-list: l10 level2 lfo10; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 53.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Structure de<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>couvoir</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .05pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l10 level3 lfo10; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 76.4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Implantation<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.8pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Le couvoir se trouve à proximité d’habitations et d’un
axe routier d’une importante circulation de véhicules transportant des animaux
y compris des volailles et des produits animaux.</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.95pt; margin-top: 8.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: 17.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">*<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Les abords non dégagés,
(présence d’arbres et d’herbes à proximité) favorisent la rétention des
poussières contaminantes et servent de refuges pour les insectes et de facteurs
d’attraction des oiseaux vecteurs de<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>germes.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-top: 8.25pt; mso-list: l10 level3 lfo10; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 76.4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Agencement</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.85pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Malgré que le couvoir soit divisé en trois parties,
une réservée à l’incubation, une deuxième au transfert et une dernière à
l’éclosion ; quelques erreurs sont relevées surtout l’entrée aux salles
d’incubation et d’éclosion se faisant après empreinte du couloir de transfert
servant aussi à recevoir les œufs à couver, à expédier les poussins éclos et à
éliminer les déchets de l’éclosoir. Ainsi les risques de contamination en
retours (de la salle d’éclosions vers la salle d’incubation) et de
contamination croisée des œufs, des poussins, du matériel et du personnel se
trouvent augmentés d’une manière très significative.</p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 47.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 8.25pt; text-align: justify;">I.1.3 La
circulation</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.85pt; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">En général, les erreurs de conception et d’agencement
se répercutent négativement sur la circulation du personnel, du matériel, des
œufs à couver, des poussins et de l’air.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.75pt; margin-top: 8.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Selon <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Delquigny
et all (2011), </b>la circulation des œufs dans le couvoir se fait dans un sens
établi et unique allant de la zone propre à la zone sale, sans possibilité de
retour en arrière</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.85pt; margin-top: 8.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Le couloir de transfert de couvoir servant de
carrefour entre la salle d’incubation et celle d’éclosion, représente un point
d’entrecroisement des œufs à couver, du matériel, des poussins et des déchets
de l’éclosoir chargés en éléments contaminants.</p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section4">
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-top: 4.2pt; mso-list: l7 level3 lfo8; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 76.4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>La<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>ventilation</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .4pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.8pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Les bouches d’aération de couvoir ne sont pas bien
conçues ni bien disposées et permettent l’introduction d’air contaminé chargé
de poussières. Cet air introduit ne fait l’objet d’aucune filtration et sa
circulation n’est pas maîtrisée, malgré l’existence d’une ventilation
dynamique. Ce qui entraîne une dissémination des germes introduits de
l’extérieur et ceux provenant des éclosoirs, en effet et <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">d</b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Carlito","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">’après
</span>le SNA (2003), </b>lorsque la ventilation n’est pas contrôlée, les
germes circulants dans l'air peuvent constituer une source très importante
d'agents pathogènes pour le poussin et pour les travailleurs.</p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-top: 8.25pt; mso-list: l7 level3 lfo8; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 76.4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Sol, Parois et<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>plafonds</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .3pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.7pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Les sols carrelés et les parois entièrement couvertes
d’enduit lisse permettent un nettoyage et une désinfection aisés. Mais le fait,
qu’ils ne soient pas raccordés entre eux par des arrondis, permet aux
salissures d’y persister, représentant ainsi une source importante de<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>germes.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.75pt; margin-top: 8.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Les éléments de la charpente de la toiture sont très
difficiles à atteindre et ne subissant aucun nettoyage ni désinfection, sont
des sources de germes assurant la pérennité des contaminants portés par les
poussières et les particules de<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>duvet.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.8pt; margin-top: 8.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Les jonctions non comblées des parois avec la toiture
permettent l’introduction des oiseaux, des insectes, de rongeurs et parfois de
reptiles vecteurs très redoutables de germes surtout salmonelles.</p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 53.05pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 8.25pt; mso-list: l10 level2 lfo10; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 53.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"><span dir="LTR"></span>Les
œufs à<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>couver</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.8pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Le fait qu’ils subissent une fumigation le jour de
leur mise en incubateurs ne réduit pas le taux de leur contamination surtout
interne, vu qu’ils ne subissent aucune désinfection au niveau des élevages de
reproducteurs et vu les conditions de stockage et de transport via le couvoir
en particulier si la température et hygrométrie ne sont pas respectées.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.75pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Maris et
Ribouchon (1987) </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">rapportent que selon <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mc Nally., (1954) </b>et <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rizk et
al., (1966) </b>la corrélation est significative entre la pénétration des
micro-organismes au travers la coquille, la température et l’humidité pendant
la période de stockage.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section5">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.8pt; margin-top: 4.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Il est à signaler que la fumigation par le formol des
œufs à couver est fortement déconseillée entre le 1<sup>er</sup> et le 4<sup>eme</sup>
jour d’incubation <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Goater, 1988), </b>chose
qui n’est pas respectée au niveau de ce couvoir.</p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 53.05pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 8.25pt; mso-list: l10 level2 lfo10; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 53.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"><span dir="LTR"></span>Le<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>personnel</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.95pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Le non port des tenues de travail mises à la
disposition du personnel augmente le risque de transmission d’agents pathogènes
par le biais des vêtements et des chaussures.</p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 53.05pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 8.3pt; mso-list: l10 level2 lfo10; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 53.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"><span dir="LTR"></span>Les<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>véhicules</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 6.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">La désinfection effectuée par les propriétaires de
couvoir sur les véhicules de transport des œufs à couver reste très
insuffisante pour un bon contrôle des contaminations assurées par ces derniers
qui ne subissent pas cette opération au niveau des élevages de reproducteurs.
Cela peut entraîner la contamination des œufs à couver pendant cette phase.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.85pt; margin-top: 8.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Les véhicules de livraison des poussins appartenant
dans la majorité des cas aux clients ne sont ni nettoyés ni désinfectés et en
plus ils servent à effectuer d’autres services (transport de matériaux de
construction, de volailles, d’œufs…), peuvent représenter un facteur de
contamination des poussins transportés et d’introduction de germes dans les
couvoirs.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.6pt; margin-top: 7.95pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">L’absence de rotoluve à l’entrée du couvoir augmente
le risque de contamination par les germes portés par les pneus et entraînés en
suite par les chaussures du personnel à l’intérieur des salles.</p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section6">
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 20.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 8.3pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: 20.5pt; text-indent: -15.4pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">II.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Résultats des analyses<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>bactériologiques</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; text-indent: 28.3pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Les
résultats des analyses bactériologiques effectuées par <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Agabou (2006) </b>sont rapportés dans <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">la figure 13 ;<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><o:wrapblock><v:group
id="_x0000_s1026" style='position:absolute;margin-left:85.3pt;margin-top:8.55pt;
width:439.15pt;height:535.4pt;z-index:-1;mso-wrap-distance-left:0;
mso-wrap-distance-right:0;mso-position-horizontal-relative:page'
coordorigin="1706,171" coordsize="8783,10708">
<v:rect id="_x0000_s1027" style='position:absolute;left:1716;top:181;width:8763;
height:10688' filled="f" strokeweight="1pt"/>
<v:shape id="_x0000_s1028" type="#_x0000_t75" style='position:absolute;
left:1883;top:297;width:8549;height:10462'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\antri03\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image007.jpg"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><w:wrap type="topAndBottom" anchorx="page"/>
</v:group><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;">
<table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody><tr>
<td height="0" width="113"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td><img height="715" src="file:///C:/Users/antri03/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image008.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1026 _x0000_s1027 _x0000_s1028" width="587" /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</span><!--[endif]--><!--[if gte vml 1]></o:wrapblock><![endif]--><br clear="ALL" style="mso-ignore: vglayout;" />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 5.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .05pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p> </o:p></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: .75pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Figure 13 : </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Résultats des analyses bactériologiques <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Agabou., 2006).<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section7">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 8.9pt; margin-top: 4.1pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">A : </b>Variation de la contamination de l’air
des différents compartiments du Couvoir exprimée en UFC / Boite de Pétri.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.95pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">B : </b>Variation de la contamination des
surfaces des différents compartiments du Couvoir exprimée en Log UFC / Cm2.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 11.2pt; margin-top: 8.05pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">C : </b>Réduction du niveau de
contamination des différentes surfaces du Couvoir (par type<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>de surface et type de germe) exprimée en Log
UFC /<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>Cm2.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 8.05pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">D : </b>Taux de réduction de la
contamination des surfaces du Couvoir (par type de germe) exprimée en Log UFC /
Cm2.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.95pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">S. Inc : </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Salle d’incubation <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">; Inc1 : </b>Incubateur 1 <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">; Inc2 : </b>incubateur 2 ; <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Inc3 : </b>incubateur 3;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 10.15pt; margin-top: 6.95pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">S. Ecl Av ND : </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Salle d’éclosion avant nettoyage /
désinfection ; <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">S. Ecl Ap ND : </b>Salle
d’éclosion après nettoyage / désinfection ; <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ecl Av ND : </b>Eclosoir avant nettoyage / désinfection ; <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ecl Ap ND : </b>Eclosoir après nettoyage /
désinfection ; <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pl. Inc : </b>Plateaux
d’incubation ; <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pl. Ecl Av ND : </b>Plateaux
d’éclosion avant nettoyage / désinfection ; <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pl. Ecl Ap ND : </b>Plateaux d’éclosion après nettoyage / désinfection
; <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">S. Ecl : </b>Salle d’éclosion ; <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ecl : </b>Eclosoir ; <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pl. Ecl : </b>Plateaux<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>d’éclosion.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .15pt;"><span style="font-size: 19.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-left: 41.1pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 41.1pt; text-indent: -18.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Les germes identifiés dans l’ambiance du<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>couvoir</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .3pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.7pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Salmonella
typhimurium </i>(Ag O : 4.5.12, Ag H : i) : isolée et identifiée à partir de
l’air ambiant à l’intérieur de l’incubateur 3, l’incubateur 1, la salle
d’incubation et la salle d’éclosion.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.8pt; margin-top: 8.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">E. coli</span></i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Citrobacter diversus</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Staphylococcus aureus.<o:p></o:p></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.6pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Aucune salmonelle n’a été identifiée à partir des
surfaces ni du duvet. En effet, les couvoirs doivent être exempts de
Salmonelles mais selon <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Elgroud (2009) </b>des
transmissions horizontales entre poussins à l’éclosoirs peuvent se produire ;
Dans une même salle où il plusieurs éclosoirs une salmonelle invasive telle que
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">S. Enteritidis </i>peut essaimer par
l’intermédiaire des poussières en générale et du duvet, dans différents
éclosoirs à partir d’un seul point de<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>départ.</p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section8">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 6.1pt; margin-top: 4.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Les couvoirs dont les conditions hygiéniques sont
défectueuses peuvent être des réservoirs pour certaines souches (<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gradel et coll (2003) cités par Elgroud (
2009).<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .35pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 6.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Selon le même auteur, les œufs infectés, provenant de
porteurs, perpétuent le cycle animal- animal, lors de l'éclosion, grâce aux
coquilles, duvet et déjections, mais aussi par<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>la voie respiratoire en inhalant la<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>poussière.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .45pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.65pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Les caisses de livraison en plastique, de plus en plus
utilisées, augmentent le risque d'inter-contaminations quand elles sont mal
désinfectées entre deux livraisons de poussins <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Riggi 1999).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .4pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-left: 57.75pt; mso-list: l10 level2 lfo10; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 57.8pt; text-indent: -24.4pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Gestion du couvoir et<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>hygiénogramme</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.95pt; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Le graphe A <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(figure
13) </b>montre les résultats du contrôle bactériologique de l’ambiance de
couvoir. En fonction de quelques paramètres et de leur gestion, les remarques
suivantes peuvent être tirées :</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.9pt; margin-top: 7.95pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: 20.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">*<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Malgré la désinfection
suivie par les accouveurs l’hygiénogramme reste pour l’exploitation non
satisfaisant, et très<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>mauvais.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.65pt; margin-top: 8.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">De ces résultats, on constate qu’il n’y a pas de
corrélation entre l’hygiénogramme et la séparation des deux secteurs propre et
souillé. Cela est dû au non-respect du principe de la circulation en sens
unique et au retour de l’air au moment de l’éclosion chargé en germes de la
salle d’éclosion vers la salle d’incubation où les éléments de la charpente
apparents représentent des sources assurant la pérennité de la contamination en
servant de support aux poussières et particules de duvet chargées de germes. En
plus l’air introduit dans le couvoir et les machines ne subit aucune filtration
et est chargé de poussières provenant du voisinage (habitations, champ, axe<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>routier).</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.85pt; margin-top: 7.95pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">On remarque que c’est l’incubateur 3 qui montre le
niveau de contamination le plus haut vu qu’il soit proche de la salle
d’éclosion source ultime du duvet et avec la mauvaise ventilation du bâtiment
et son proximité du couloir où circulent librement les travailleurs suivi par
l’incubateur 2 puis l’incubateur 1 <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(cf.
Figure 13 (A)).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.9pt; margin-top: 8.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Le niveau de contamination de l’air de la salle
d’incubation est proche de celui de la salle d’éclosion avant nettoyage /
désinfection. Cette forte contamination est liée directement au retour de l’air
chargé de germes issus de l’éclosoir à travers le couloir de</p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section9">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.1pt;">transfert, vers
la salle d’incubation du fait de la non maîtrise de la circulation de l’air et
du personnel.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.95pt; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Le niveau de contamination de l’air de la salle d’éclosion est le même
que celui de l’éclosoir avant et après nettoyage / désinfection.</p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 57.75pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 8.25pt; mso-list: l10 level2 lfo10; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 57.8pt; text-indent: -24.4pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Contrôle bactériologique de<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>l’air</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .3pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.75pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Les identifications portant sur les germes contaminant
l’air ambiant et par conséquence déposés sur les surfaces du matériel, des œufs
en incubation et des poussins montrent que:</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 6.05pt; margin-top: 8.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: 15.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">*<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Le couvoir est contaminé par
E. coli qui est un germe saprophyte ne pouvant pas être totalement éliminé. Ce
germe est le plus associé aux infections du sac vitellin et aux omphalites <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Cortes et all,<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>2004).<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 6.05pt; margin-top: 8.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Plusieurs auteurs ont rapporté que la contamination
des œufs fertiles au niveau des nids est la cause majeure des infections du sac
vitellin.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.9pt; margin-top: 7.95pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Ainsi la présence de ce germe sur les coquilles des
œufs en incubation (surtout s’ils ne subissent aucune désinfection) augmente le
risque d’omphalites et essentiellement celui de mortalité en coquille. Selon <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lecoanet (1992 b), </b>15 à 20 % de
mortalité embryonnaires, 3 à 5 % de mortalité en coquille et 10 à 20 % de
mortinatalité sont dus à la contamination des œufs à couver par ce germe.</p>
<p class="Heading6" style="margin-top: 8.25pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">*<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Staphylococcus<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>aureus</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.7pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Est un germe ubiquiste très associé au cas d’omphalites et
d’infection de la vésicule vitelline <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Rachidi-Sidhoum
et Brugere-Picoux, 1992) </b>et du foie des poussins morts pendant la première
semaine <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(White et all, 2003).<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="Heading6" style="margin-top: 8.35pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: 14.15pt; text-align: justify;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">*<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Pseudomonas<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>aeruginosa</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.85pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">A été décrit comme étant un pathogène opportuniste
capable d’envahir les œufs à couver et coloniser ainsi les embryons en
entraînant leur mort et celle des poussins nouvellement éclos. Son pouvoir de
colonisation des œufs à couver est relaté à sa capacité de dégradation des
protéines du vitellus rendant le milieu favorable à la pullulation et
l’installation des autres germes pathogènes <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Cortes et all, 2004).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section10">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 6.1pt; margin-top: 4.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">L’explosion des œufs à couver infectés par ce germe peut
engendrer une infection par voie aérienne des poussins éclos <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Rachidi-Sidhoum et Brugere-Picoux,<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>1992).<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 8.2pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: 14.15pt; text-indent: -9.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">*<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Proteus<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>Spp</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .35pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.7pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Est un germe qui a été isolé de cas de mortalité embryonnaire
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Rachidi-Sidhoum et Brugere-Picoux,
1992).<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="Heading6" style="margin-top: 7.9pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: 14.15pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">*<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Citrobacter<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>diversus</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 33.4pt;">N’a pas été rapporté dans la
littérature comme étant pathogène pour les poussins.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .3pt;"><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="Heading6" style="mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: 14.15pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">*<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Salmonella<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>typhimurium</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .3pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 6.05pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Les coquilles des œufs ont été décrites comme la
principale source de Salmonelles se propageant au sein des couvoirs.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.7pt; margin-top: 7.95pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Dans une étude réalisée par <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cox et all (1990), </b>le taux d’isolement des Salmonelles était de 71%
sur les fragments de coquilles, 80% des écouvillonnages des bandes
transporteuses des poussins et 74% des plateaux de collecte du méconium des
poussins nouvellement éclos. Alors que Limawongpranee et all ont trouvé un taux
de contamination des fragments de coquilles de 25% (Les serotypes isolés
étaient <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">S. Typhimurium </i>et <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">S. Enteritidis</i>) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Limawongpranee et all, 1999).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.85pt; margin-top: 8.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Une telle présence dans les œufs à couver peut se
traduire à partir du 6e jour, mais surtout après le 15e jour d’incubation par
des mortalités embryonnaires et des troubles de l’éclosion <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Lecoanet, 1992).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.8pt; margin-top: 8.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Les poussins échappant à cette issue au niveau des
couvoirs, peuvent mourir en élevage avec des pics de mortalité entre le 4e et
le 5e jour et vers le 15e jour <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Lecoanet,
1992, Chen et all, 2002).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.9pt; margin-top: 7.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Selon <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Friend et
Franson (1999), </b>ces bactéries peuvent persister pendant 4 à 5 ans dans le
duvet au couvoir (le fait qu’on ne les a pas isolées ne confirme pas leur
absence dans le duvet et sur les surfaces).</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 6.05pt; margin-top: 8.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">L’origine des salmonelles isolées de ce couvoir ne
peut pas être précisée vu le grand nombre de points négatifs enregistrés dans
leur conception et leur fonctionnement.</p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section11">
<p class="Heading5" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.95pt; margin-top: 4.35pt; mso-list: l10 level2 lfo10; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 62.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Contrôle bactériologique des
surfaces (dénombrements bactériens) et protocole de nettoyage /<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>désinfection</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.85pt; margin-top: 7.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Le graphe B <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(figure
13) </b>montre le niveau de contamination des différentes surfaces au sein du
couvoir.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.85pt; margin-top: 8.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">En absence de normes standardisées pour le contrôle de
l’efficacité de la désinfection des surfaces au couvoir. Les résultats obtenus
sont comparés à ceux cités dans la littérature et surtout ceux du système
hollandais utilisant des lames gélosées <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Goater,
1988) </b>(Tout en transformant le nombre de germes dénombrés par lame ou par
boite de pétri en nombre d’UFC / Cm2 en gardant à l’esprit que les prélèvements
par écouvillonnage permettent une récupération de germes plus importante que
ceux par gélose de contact).</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.6pt; margin-top: 8.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Malgré les bonnes procédures de nettoyage /
désinfection suivies par le accouveur<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>tel que utilisation de désinfectants homologués, le respect des doses,
l'utilisation de matériel d’application adéquat et l’évaporation de formol, les
résultats montrent que le niveau d’hygiène dans le couvoir est insuffisant. <span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">Les </span>surfaces présentant un taux de
contamination assez élevés, en particulier les parois des salles, des machines
et surfaces des plateaux d’incubation et d’éclosion (attesté par le grand
nombre de germes totaux et de staphylocoques et à un moindre degré les
entérobactéries). Ces surfaces constituent des sources de contaminants pour les
œufs en incubateurs et les poussins en<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>éclosoirs.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 6.1pt; margin-top: 7.95pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Cette contamination est justifiée par le séchage de
toutes ces surfaces dans des atmosphères fortement polluées.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 6.15pt; margin-top: 8.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Les parois de la salle d’éclosion, des éclosoirs et
les plateaux d’éclosion présentent les niveaux de contamination les plus élevés
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(cf. Figure 13 (B)).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.75pt; margin-top: 8.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">De tout ce qu’on vient de voir, une démarche
hygiénique assez rigoureuse semble être impérative pour le contrôle des
contaminations au niveau du couvoir. La construction de nouveaux locaux et
l’achat de machines de grandes capacités et hautes technologie ne participe en
rien si un bon protocole hygiénique n’est pas<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">
</span>entrepris.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 6.2pt; margin-top: 7.95pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Cette maîtrise sanitaire se répercutera sur le taux de
mortalité et les performances des poussins issus du couvoir.</p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section12">
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .2pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.7pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;"><a name="Conclusion_fini"></a>Au terme de ce modeste
et en fonction des données bibliographiques, en absence de travail expérimental
et sur terrain, nous concluons que malgré toutes les précautions d’hygiène et
prophylaxie prises pour toutes les activités d’élevage avicole la menace
constante d’un ennemi est toujours présente : la maladie et l’infection.</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.8pt; margin-top: 9.95pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: 43.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -1.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">La contamination du couvoir
et en particulier de l’œuf à couver ce fait toujours par des vecteurs
(principalement par le matériel et le personnel), en particulier si les normes
d’implantation et d’aménagement ne sont pas respectées ainsi des normes<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>d’hygiène.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 29.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 10.05pt; text-align: justify;">IL doit être
respecté :</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 61.5pt; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo6; tab-stops: 61.5pt; text-indent: -17.45pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Le
choix de l’emplacement du<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>couvoir<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 61.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.85pt; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo6; tab-stops: 61.5pt; text-indent: -17.45pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Le respect de l’agencement des différents
compartiments du<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>couvoir<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 61.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.95pt; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo6; tab-stops: 61.5pt; text-indent: -15.15pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Marche en avant et non entrecroisement des<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>circuits<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 96.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.05pt; mso-list: l2 level3 lfo6; tab-stops: 96.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.55pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-width: 142%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Principe
de séparation du secteur propre et du secteur<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">
</span>souillé<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 96.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.05pt; mso-list: l2 level3 lfo6; tab-stops: 96.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.55pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-width: 142%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Principe
de l’ordre, du nettoyage et de la désinfection<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;">
</span>appropriés<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 96.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.15pt; mso-list: l2 level3 lfo6; tab-stops: 96.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.55pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-width: 142%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Principe
du travail effectué par du personnel<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>compétent<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 64.35pt; margin-right: 9.65pt; margin-top: 6.85pt; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo6; tab-stops: 61.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Ces principes d’hygiène seront appliqués à l’œuf, au
personnel, à la conception du couvoir, à l’utilisation du matériel, de l’eau,
de l’air et pour des contrôles appropriés vérifieront leur bonne<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>application.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.75pt; margin-top: 10.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">La qualité sanitaire du couvoir et de son
environnement est déterminante pour la chaine de production du poulet et toutes
les mesures de désinfection visent à réduire la charge de la totalité des
germes pathogènes très tôt dans le couvoir du fait de la grande difficulté à
réaliser cela plus tard au niveau des élevages. Ceci reste toujours un des
problèmes majeurs dans l'industrie aviaire. Pour être efficace, cette
désinfection doit intéresser des microorganismes pathogènes car le couvoir est
le point de départ de contamination des poussins sains à partir des poussins
contaminés par une multitude de germes pathogènes, tels <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Salmonella </i>et<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">E.coli<o:p></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.8pt; margin-top: 10.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Malgré les bonnes procédures de nettoyage et de
désinfection suivies par <span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">les </span>accouveurs,
les résultats de cette étude montrent que le niveau d’hygiène dans le couvoir
est<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>insuffisant.</p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section13">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.3pt; margin-top: 4.0pt;">Il apparaît
clairement dans la discussion des résultats, que la contamination microbienne
de l’air et des surfaces est très variable dans ses aspects qualitatif et
quantitatif.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.3pt; margin-top: 9.95pt; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Les mesures hygiéniques appliquées au niveau du couvoir étudié sont loin
de permettre une maîtrise acceptable de cette contamination.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.3pt; margin-top: 9.95pt; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Enfin, Pour réduire l’impact des facteurs inhérents aux couvoirs, les
experts recommandent les mesures d’atténuation suivantes :</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 48.65pt; margin-right: 10.15pt; margin-top: 11.3pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: 62.05pt 62.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Avoir un plan d’échantillonnage couplé à une analyse des
tendances et un plan d’action;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 13.55pt; margin-left: 62.1pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: 62.05pt 62.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.45pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Avoir un programme d’assurance qualité<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>(HACCP);<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 62.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.95pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: 62.05pt 62.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.45pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">La propreté des œufs et des<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>équipements;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 48.65pt; margin-right: 10.0pt; margin-top: 6.85pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: 62.05pt 62.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Des méthodes d’assainissement des œufs pendant l’éclosion
comme la fumigation (formaldéhyde 37 % à taux<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">
</span>constant);<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 62.1pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: 62.05pt 62.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.45pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">L’utilisation de nouveaux plateaux en carton
ou des boîtes à poussins non<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>réutilisés;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 48.65pt; margin-right: 9.8pt; margin-top: 6.95pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: 62.05pt 62.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Au niveau de la conformité, le respect du contrôle des
mesures et des exigences réglementaires, car leur non-suivi peut mener à un
risque alimentaire jusqu’à 10 fois plus important.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section14">
<p align="left" class="Heading3" style="margin-left: 26.1pt; text-align: left;"><a name="Références_bibliographique_fini"></a>Références bibliographique</p>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-column-break-before: always; mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .1pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-left: 26.1pt;">- A –</p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: auto;" />
</span>
<div class="Section15">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .15pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.8pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">AFNOR, 2013. </b>Formulaires et
outils qualité : I Identification des processus : I-70 Management de la
sécurité sanitaire : I-70-10 Outils de maîtrise et de management de la sécurité<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>sanitaire<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;">
</span>des<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span>aliments<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>:<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>de<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>la<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>méthode<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>HACCP<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>à<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>la<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>norme<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>ISO<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>22000.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>[En<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>ligne]<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>:</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 54.3pt; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify;"><<a href="http://www.bivi.qualite.afnor.org/ofm/formulaires-et-outils-qualite/i/i-70/i-70-10/2"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://www.bivi.qualite.afnor.org/ofm/formulaires-et-outils-qualite/i/i-70/i-70-10/2></span></a>
(Consulté le 25/04/2013).</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .15pt;"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 26.1pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">AFSSA, 2000. </b>Risques de contamination
bactérienne. Rapport du groupe de travail</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.95pt; margin-top: 6.95pt; text-align: justify;">«Alimentation animale et sécurité sanitaire des aliments». Direction De
L’évaluation Des Risques Nutritionnels Et Sanitaires, P : 136–139.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .15pt;"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.75pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">AFSCA., 2002</b>. Procédure
détaillant le chapitre III de l’annexe l’arrêté royal du 28 août 2002 modifiant
l’arrêté royal du 4 juillet 1996 relatif aux conditions générales et spéciales
d’exploitation des abattoirs et d’autres établissements. Échantillonnage
bactériologique pour le contrôle du nettoyage et de la désinfection dans les abattoirs
et ateliers de découpe - Source : agence fédérale pour la sécurité de la chaîne
alimentaire.<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>Bruxelles.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.9pt; margin-top: 10.05pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Agabou A., 2006. </b>Détermination
du microbisme en élevage avicole<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. </b>Th.
Mag. Aviculture et pathologie aviaire. Université mentouri de constantine. P :<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>145-160.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.55pt; margin-top: 10.05pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Agbaje M., Begum R.H., Oyekunle
M.a., Ojo OE et Adenubi OT., 2011. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Evolution of Salmonella
nomenclature. Folia Microbiol (Praha). 56(6):497-503.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.8pt; margin-top: 10.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Alioua, M.A., 2015. </b>Les
Staphylocoques : sensibilité aux antibiotiques et profil moléculaire de <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Staphylococcus aureus </i>Résistant à la
Méticilline. Thèse de doctorat. Faculté des Sciences. Université Badji Mokhtar
– Annaba, Algérie.<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>223p.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.75pt; margin-top: 10.05pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Alloui. N, 2006. </b>Cours
zootechnie aviaire, université – El hadj Lakhdar- Batna, département de<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>vétérinaire.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.75pt; margin-top: 9.95pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Alogninouwa T. 1992. </b>La
tuberculose aviaire P 261 – 266 In manuel de pathologie aviaire; Edition :
Maison Alfort, 1992.</p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section16">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.85pt; margin-top: 3.65pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Anonyme 01. </b>Bactériologie -
Service de Bactériologie 2002, Mise à jour : 24 mars 2003 p 29-35.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.55pt; margin-top: 9.95pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Anonyme 02</b>. <span style="color: #221f1f;">Guide de bonnes pratiques d’hygiène et d’application des
principes HACCP des œufs de catégorie A en centres d’emballage</span>, Editions
des journaux officiels ; <span style="color: #221f1f;">Version mars 2015</span>;
p 9-11.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.55pt; margin-top: 10.05pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Anton, M., F. Nau, V. Lechevalier,
C. Guerin-Dubiard and T. Croguennec., 2010. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Egg products: functional
ingredients for complex matrices Les ovoproduits: des ingredients fonctionnels
pour des matrices complexes, INRA Productions Animales, 23, (2): 215-224.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 10.05pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Aubry P., 2012. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Les salmonelloses: actualités 2012. Médecine Tropicale. 6p.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .2pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.8pt; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Avril J.L; Dabernat H; Denis F;
Monteil H, 1992. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Bactériologie clinique. Ellipses 2ème édition,
166-178.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 74.35pt; margin-right: 58.15pt; margin-top: 10.2pt; text-align: center;">-
B -</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.6pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Banjo A.D, Lawal O.A et Adeduji O.O. 2005 . </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Bacteria
and fungi isolated from housefly (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Musca
domestica </i>L.) larvae. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 4 (8), August
2005. P<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>780 –<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>784.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.85pt; margin-top: 9.9pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Barbour A. G et Hayes S. F. 1986 </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Biology of
Borrelia Species Microbiological Reviews, Vol 50, Num 4, Dec 1986. P 381-400.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 10.1pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Bedrani S, 1981. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">L’agriculture algérienne: bilan et perspectives. CREA (Alger) p27.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 10.1pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Belaid Djamel, 2015. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">L’élevage
avicole en Algérie .Collection Dossiers Agronomiques edt 2015. 66P.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 10.1pt; margin-top: 9.95pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bellaoui G., 1990. </b>Réflexion
sur la situation de l'élevage avicole type chair dans la wilaya de Tindouf
perspectives de développement. Mémo. d’ing. Agro. INFSAS, Ouargla. P 37.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.7pt; margin-top: 10.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ben abdelmoumen, B. 1996. </b>Caractérisation
antigénique et moléculaire des mycoplasmes avaires. Thèse présentée pour
l’obtention du grade de Philosophiae Doctor en Microbiologie et Immunologie.
Université de Montréal. pp 199.</p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section17">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 10.05pt; margin-top: 3.65pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Bruce J., and Drysdale E.M., 1994. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Incubation
and brooding temperature.Poultry science, 79:827-830.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.7pt; margin-top: 9.95pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Brugerre – Picoux J et Silim A.
1992 . </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Clostridioses aviaires P 257 – 260 ; In manuel de pathologie
aviaire; Edition : Maison Alfort, 1992.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.75pt; margin-top: 9.95pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bruggeman V., 2007. </b>Effect of
four percent carbon dioxide during the second half of incubation of embryonic
development, hatching parameters, and post hatch growth.Poultry science,
86:1372-1379.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.45pt; margin-top: 10.05pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Butcher G.D, Jacob J.P et Mather
F.B. 1999. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Common Poultry Diseases p 1 -<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>20<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Document publié par: Institute
of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. May 1999.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.45pt; margin-top: 10.05pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Butcher G. D et Miles R. D. 2003. </b>Disease
Prevention in Commercial Aviaries p 1 – 6; Document publié par: Institute of
Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. May 2003.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.9pt; margin-top: 10.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Butcher G. D et Nilipour A. H.
2002. </b>Management of Hatching Eggs and Broiler Performance1. P 1–4 Document
publié par: Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of
Florida.May 2002. Bulletin VM 128.</p>
<p align="center" class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 74.35pt; margin-right: 58.3pt; margin-top: 10.3pt; text-align: center;">-
C -</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .45pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.5pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Campos C. E. 2004. </b>Bacterial
isolation rate from fertile eggs, hatching eggs, and neonatal broilers with
yolk sac infection. Revista Latinoamericana de Microbiologia Vol. 46, Nums. 1-
2,January - June. 2004. P 12 – 16.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .2pt;"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 26.1pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Casa M., Lepine F., Milot S</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">., et <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dazois
C., 2008. </b>salmocheleines et la virulence de la so<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">immunity</span></i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">, vol 76, N° 8: 3539-3549.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .15pt;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.7pt; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Chaker H., 2012 </b>« Régulation
de l’adaptation de la bactérie Pseudomonas aeruginosa à son hôte :<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>implication<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>des<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>métabolites<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>du<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>tryptophane<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">».</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>Thèse<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>de<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>doctorat :<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>Grenoble:<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">Université </span>de<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> G</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">r</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">e</span>nobl<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 45%;"> </span><span style="mso-font-width: 45%;">:</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">S</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">c</span>ien<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> a</span>gri<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">c</span>ole.</p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section18">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.7pt; margin-top: 3.65pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Chen S. J, Lee T. E, Wang E. M, Cho
T. J et Wang C. H, 2002. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Monitoring the hygiene of chicken hatcheries in Taiwan
during 1999 – 2001. Jour Microbial Immunol Infect : 35, 2002. P 236 – 242.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 10.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Chermette R. 1992. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Autres parasitose de la poule. P 319-331; In manuel de pathologie.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .15pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.9pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Chirol C. 1992. </b>Le laboratoire
de bactériologie P 219 – 224. In manuel de pathologie aviaire Edition : Maison
Alfort.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.75pt; margin-top: 10.1pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cobb, 2008. </b>Guide d'élevage
des reproducteurs Cobb. Disponible sur <a href="http://www.cobbvantress.com/contactus/brochures/Breeder"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://www.cobbvantress.com/contactus/brochures/Breeder</span></a>
mgmnt guide french.pdf, consulté le 20/12/2010.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 148%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.6pt; margin-top: 10.25pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 148%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Coiffier O, Copin M. P,
Larpent-Gourgaud M., Poumeyrol M et Lafarge V. 1997. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 148%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Enterobacterionaceae
Et Vibrionaceae. P 133 – 171. In Microbiologie Alimentaire : technique de
laboratoire Edition : technique et documentation, 1997.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.75pt; margin-top: 10.1pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Cook M.I., Beissinger S.R.,
Toranzos G., Rodriguez R.A., and Arendt W.J., 2003. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Trans-
shell infection by pathogenic microorganisms reduces the shelf life or non
incubated bird's eggs: a constraint on the onset of incubation. Proceedings of
biological science, 270(1530):2233- 2240.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.65pt; margin-top: 10.1pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Corne P.,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2004.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Staphylococcus<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>aureus<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">dans<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>un<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>service<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>de<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>réanimation:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>étude<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>génétique,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>phénotypique<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>et<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>épidémiologique.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thèse<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>de<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Doctorat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Université<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Montpellier,<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>France.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.55pt; margin-top: 10.15pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Cortes C. R, Isaias G. T, Cuello C.
L, Villaseca Flores J. M, Anderson R. C et Friend M et Franson J. C. 1999</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">. Avian
cholera, Tuberculosis, Salmonellosis, Chlamydiosis, Mycoplasmosis, Candidiasis,
Avian pox, Newcastle disease, Avian influenza, P 75 – 184. Field Manual of
Wildlife Diseases. General Field Procedures and Diseases of Birds. Edition :
USGS, 1999.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.75pt; margin-top: 9.8pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Coudert F. 1992 . </b>La maladie
de Marek. P 165 – 170 ; In manuel de pathologie aviaire ; Edition : Maison
Alfort, 1992.</p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section19">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.55pt; margin-top: 3.65pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Coufal C.D., Chavez C., Knape K.D.,
and Carey J.B., 2003. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Evaluation of method of ultraviolet light sanitation
of broiler hatching eggs.Poultry science, 82:754-759.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.85pt; margin-top: 9.95pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Cox N.A, Bailey J.S, Mauldin J.M et
Blankenship L.C. 1990. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Presence and impact of Salmonella contamination in
commercial broiler hatcheries. Poultry science : 69(9), Sep 1990. P 1606 –
1609.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.9pt; margin-top: 10.05pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Cox N.A, Berrang M.E. and Cason
J.A., 2000. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Salmonella Penetration of Egg Shells and Proliferationin
Broiler Hatching EggsUA.Poultry Science, 79:1571T1574.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.85pt; margin-top: 9.95pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cox N.A et Bailey J.S. 1991. </b>Efficacy
of various chemical treatments over time to eliminate Salmonella on hatching
eggs, Poultry Science Vol 70, Num 1, 1991.</p>
<p align="center" class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 74.35pt; margin-right: 58.3pt; margin-top: 10.35pt; text-align: center;">-
D -</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .45pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.8pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Debiahi, S. A., 2012. </b>Caractérisation
de souches de Staphylococcus aureus et étude de leur antibiorésistance au
niveau du centre hospitalo-universitaire de Tlemcen. Thèse de doctorat.
Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée à l’Agroalimentaire, au Biomédical et à
l’Environnement. Université de Tlemcen, Algérie. 131p.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 10.1pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Delarras, C., 2014. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Pratique en microbiologie de laboratoire. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Lavoisier, France</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .15pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.9pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Delarue M., 2004<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">. </i></b>De l'oeuf à la poule
(développement embryonnaire du poulet Gallus domesticus). [En ligne] : <<a href="http://www.snv.jussieu.fr/bmedia/Poulet/OeufPouleg.htm"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://www.snv.jussieu.fr/bmedia/Poulet/OeufPouleg.htm</span></a>>.
(Consulté le 09/04/2010).</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 148%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.7pt; margin-top: 10.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 2.5pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 148%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Decuypere
E., Bryse J., and Buys S., </span></b><span style="font-family: "Carlito","sans-serif"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2000. Ascites and broiler chickens:
Exogenous and endogenous structural and functional causal
factors.World's.Poultry science, 56: 367-377.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .3pt;"><span style="font-family: "Carlito","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 26.1pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">DGAL, 2012. </b>PMS salmonelles dans les
couvoirs gallus adhérents la charte sanitaire.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .3pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.9pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Dho-Moulin M., Fairbrother J.M., 1999. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Avian
pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). Vet. Res., 1999, 30, 299- 316.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.65pt; margin-top: 9.95pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Diafi k., 2010. </b>Le niveau de
contamination microbienne du couvoir et son influence sur la qualité du poussin
dans la filière chair. Th. Mag. Sciences Vétérinaire. Ecole Nationale
Supérieure Vétérinaire d'Alger.</p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section20">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.55pt; margin-top: 3.65pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Din Nam Lâm ; Carls M ; Tripodi A ;
Brugère Picoux J et Bodin G, 2000. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Etude bactériologique des
infections par le genre salmonella chez le canard dans la province de cantho
(Viet Nam ) Revue de Médecine Vétérinaire, 2000, 151,10, 955-964.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.7pt; margin-top: 10.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Drouin P et Amand G. 2000. </b>Prise
En Compte De La Maîtrise Sanitaire Au Niveau Du Bâtiment D’élevage Revue
sciences et technologies avicoles, numéro hors-série : la maîtrise en élevage
avicoles, Septembre 2000<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">. </b>P 33 –<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>38.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.95pt; margin-top: 9.9pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Dumas, J., 1958. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Tribu des <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Salmonellae</i>, In: Bactériologie Médicale.
Flammarion et Cie, pp. 399-433.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 74.35pt; margin-right: 58.15pt; margin-top: 10.4pt; text-align: center;">-
E -</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .55pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.8pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">E. Goater., 1985. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">«Le contrôle des
reproducteurs volailles en France» <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Rev.
sci. tech. Off. int. Epiz ; </i>4 (3), 551-574.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.85pt; margin-top: 9.95pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Elgroud Rachid</b>.2009.Contamination
du poulet de chair par les salmonelles non typiques en élevages et abattoirs de
la wilaya de Constantine : Thèse de doctorat en science vétérinaires Université
Mentouri Constantine .P148</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.95pt; margin-top: 10.05pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Elhouadfi M. 1992. </b>Variole
aviaire P 151 – 154 ; In manuel de pathologie aviaire ; Edition : Maison
Alfort, 1992.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.95pt; margin-top: 10.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ernst R. A. 1975. </b>Hatchery and
hatching eggs sanitation. P 1–8 Published by the Division of agricultural
sciences, University of California, August 1975. Leaflet 2629.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.95pt; margin-top: 10.2pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Everaert N., Kamers B., Witters A.,
De Smit L., Debonne M., Decuypere E., and Nys, Y. and N. Guyot., 2011. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Egg
formation and chemistry, Improving the safety and quality of eggs and egg
products. Volume 1: Egg chemistry, production and consumption, Y. Nys, M. Bain
and F. v. Immerseel. Cambridge, UK, Woodhead Publishing Ltd: 83-132.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 74.35pt; margin-right: 58.15pt; margin-top: 10.1pt; text-align: center;">-
F -</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .45pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.8pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">FAO, 2008<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">. </i></b>L’état des ressources zoogénétiques pour l’alimentation et
l’agriculture dans le monde : Partie 4. L’état de l’art de la gestion des
ressources zoogénétiques : SECTION D: Méthodes d’amélioration génétique en vue
d’une utilisation durable.</p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section21">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.65pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Fasenko G.M., 2007. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Egg Storage and the embryo. Poultry science,
86:1020-1024.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.8pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ferrah, A., 1997. </b>Bases
économiques et techniques de l’industrie d’accouvage chair et ponte en Algérie.
Alger : ITPE. (Cité dans Abdelguerfi, A. et Ramdane, S.A., 2003. Evaluation des
besoins en matière de renforcement des capacités nécessaires à la conservation
et l’utilisation durable de la biodiversité importante pour l’agriculture.
Annexes sur « La Biodiversité Importante pour l’Agriculture en Algérie »
MATEGEF/PNUD : Projet ALG/97/G31. Tome</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 13.75pt; margin-left: 44.65pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 44.7pt; text-indent: -18.6pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">XI.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Alger :<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>MADR).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.85pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ford W.B. 1995. </b>Disinfection
procedures for personnel and vehicles entering and leaving contaminated
premises. Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot., 14, 2, 1995. P 393–401.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 148%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.7pt; margin-top: 10.2pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 148%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Françoise Nau, Catherine
Guérin-Dubiard, Florence Baron, Jean-Louis Thapon., 2010. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 148%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Science et
technologie de l'œuf : Volume 2, De l'œuf aux ovoproduits, Lavoisier, (lire en
ligne [archive]), p. 7.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.7pt; margin-top: 10.2pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Friend M et Franson J. C. 1999. </b>Avian
cholera, Tuberculosis, Salmonellosis, Chlamydiosis, Mycoplasmosis,Candidiasis,
Avian pox, Newcastle disease, Avian influenza, P 75 – 184, Field Manual of
Wildlife Diseases . General Field Procedures and Diseases of Birds. , Edition :
USGS, 1999.</p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 242.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 10.25pt; text-align: justify;">- G -</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.3pt; margin-top: 0cm;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Goater E. 1988. </b>La prévention des
maladies transmissibles par l’œuf et hygiène du couvoir P 611 – 616.
L’aviculture française Edition : Rosset.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.3pt; margin-top: 9.95pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Grimont, P.A.D. 1992. </b>Les marqueurs
épidémiologiques des Salmonella. Méd. et Mal. Inf.22, numéro spécial,249-257.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 21.7pt; margin-top: 10.1pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Grimont P. A. D. et Weill F. X., 2007. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Formules
antigéniques des sérovars de salmonella.-<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>9è ed. – Paris: OMS; Institut Pasteur.<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">
</span>167p.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.3pt; margin-top: 10.0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gross W.G. </b>Diseases due to Escherichia
coli in poultry. In: GYLES C.L. (Eds), Escherichia coli in domestic animals and
humans. Cab international: Wallingford, 1994, 237-259.</p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section22">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.9pt; margin-top: 3.65pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Guérin. J, Balloy. D,Villate
.D,2011. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Maladies des volailles,3eme 2edition France agricole, 311-
367.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.6pt; margin-top: 9.95pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Guerin-Dubiard, C., M. Anton, J.
Gautron, Y. Nys and F. Nau., 2010. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Composition de l'oeuf, Science et
technologie de l'oeuf Volume II De l'oeuf aux ovoproduits, F. Nau, C.
Guerin-Dubiard, F. Baron and J.-L. Thapon: 1-176.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 74.35pt; margin-right: 58.2pt; margin-top: 10.25pt; text-align: center;">-
H –</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.65pt; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Haddadi A. et Hadj-Ali A., 2017. </b>Incubation
d’oeufs dans un élevage fermier de BOUINANE à l’aide d’une couveuse
automatique. Th Dct. Institut des Sciences vétérinaires– blida.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.85pt; margin-top: 10.05pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Haffar A. 1992. </b>Hemophillose
aviaire (coryza infectieux) P 251 – 255 ; In manuel de pathologie aviaire ;
Edition : Maison Alfort, 1992.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.85pt; margin-top: 9.95pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hafiane A. et Ravaoarinoro M.
2008. </b>« Différentes méthodes de typage des souches de Pseudomonas
aeruginosa isolées des patients atteints de mucoviscidose ». elsevier masson,
Medecine et maladies infectieuses; 38 : 238- 47.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.9pt; margin-top: 10.05pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hoelscher C. E. 1997. </b>Poultry
Pest Management P 3–26 ; Document publié par : Agricultural Extension Service.
The Texas A&M University, System. June 1997.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 9.95pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Hubbard, 2010. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Guide d’incubation.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.95pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Humbert F., 1998. </b>Les
Salmonelloses. dans Manuel de Bactériologie Alimentaire,ed. Polytechnica.
Paris.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 251.75pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 11.05pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 251.75pt; text-indent: -235.55pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>I -</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 17.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Itavi-Cidef, 1996. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">L’élevage De La Dinde, Ouvrage Collectif ITAVI-CIDEF.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .4pt;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-left: 250.05pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 250.1pt; text-indent: -233.95pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>J –</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.7pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Jordan F.T.W., Pattison M ., 1996. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Poultry
diseases. W. B. Saunders Company : London, 38-43.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section23">
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 249.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.9pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 249.5pt; text-indent: -233.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>K<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>-</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.6pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kacia., 2013. </b>La pratique
d'élevage du poulet de chair dans la région du centre d'Algérie : diagnostic et
perspectives. 10eme Journées de la Recherche Avicole et Palmipèdes à Foie Gras.
La Rochelle<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>(France).</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.65pt; margin-top: 9.9pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Kapperud G et Rosef O. 1983. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Avian
Wildlife Reservoir of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Campylobacter fetus
subsp. jejuni</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Yersinia spp</i>., and
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Salmonella spp</i>. in Norway , Applied
And Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 45, No. 2 Feb. 1983. P 375 – 380.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 10.05pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kempf I, 1997. </b>Les mycoplasmoses
aviaires. Le point vétérinaire, 28(182):41-48.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.7pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kleven, S. H., 2008. </b>Control
of avian mycoplasma infections in commercial poultry. In : Avian diseases. Vol.
52, n° 3, p. 367–374.</p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 250.05pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 10.2pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 250.1pt; text-indent: -233.9pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>L -</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.95pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">L'amoulen M., 1988 </b>; L'incubation
artificielle. L'Aviculture Française, Informations techniques des services
vétérinaires n° 100 à 103, Editions R Rosset, Paris, France, 225 – 238.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.95pt; margin-top: 9.95pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Le Minor,L.,Veron,M., et
Popoff,M.Y. 1982. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Taxonomie des Salmonella. Annales de Microbiologie
133B: 223-243.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.9pt; margin-top: 9.85pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lee S.W., Browning G.F., and
Markham P.F, 2008. </b>Development of replicable OriC plasmid for Mycoplasma
gallisepticum and mycoplasma imitans, and gene disruption through homologous
recombination in M. gallisepticum. Microbiology, (154): 2571-2580.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.9pt; margin-top: 10.05pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lecoanet J. 1992. </b>Salmonelloses
aviaires. P 225 – 235. In manuel de pathologie aviaire Edition : Maison Alfort,
1992.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 148%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.7pt; margin-top: 10.2pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 148%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Leksrisompong N., Romero Sanchez
R., Plumstead P.W., Brannan K.E., and Brake J., 2007. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 148%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Broiler
incubation.1.Effect of elevated temperature during late incubation on body
weight and organs of chicks. Poultry science, 86:2685-2691.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 148%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.95pt; margin-top: 10.45pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 148%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Leksrisompong N., Romero Sanchez
R., Plumstead P.W., Brannan K.E., Yahav S., and Brake.J., 2009</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 148%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">.
Interaction of incubation and brooding temperatures on broiler chick feed
consumption and growth. Poultry science, 88:1321-1329.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 148%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section24">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.75pt; margin-top: 3.65pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lim H.S., Namkung H., and Paik I.,
2003. </b>Effects of phytase supplementation on the performance, egg quality
and laying hen fed different levels of deatary calcium and nonphytate
phosphorous. Poultry science,<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>82(1):92-99.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 148%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.6pt; margin-top: 10.25pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 148%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Limawongpranee S, Hayashidani H,
Okatani A. T, Ono K, Hirota C, Kaneko K et Ogawa M. 1999. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 148%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Prevalence
and Persistence of Salmonella in Broiler Chicken Flocks. J. Vet. Med. Sci.
61(3), 1999. P<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>255–259.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 148%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.95pt; margin-top: 10.35pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 148%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Lipatov A. S, Govorkova E. A, Webby
R. J, Ozaki H, Peiris M, Guan Y, Poon L et Webster R. G. 2004. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 148%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Influenza:
Emergence and Control, Journal of Virology, Vol 78, Num 17, Sept 2004. P
8951–8959.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.95pt; margin-top: 10.2pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lissot G., 1987. </b>Poules et
œufs. Editions La Maison Rustique Flammarion, Paris, France, 285 p.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 10.0pt; margin-top: 10.1pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lohmann, 2001. </b>Accouvage,
Lohmann France : premier couvoir certifié ISO 22000 en France.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.8pt; margin-top: 9.95pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Louzis C. 1992. </b>L’ornithose
psittacose ou chlamydiose aviaire. P 199–204 ; In manuel de pathologie aviaire
; Edition : Maison Alfort, 1992.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.9pt; margin-top: 10.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Loven J et Williams R. 2003. </b>Animal
Damage Management: Controlling rodents in commercial poultry facilities. P 116,
Document publié par: Department of Entomology, Purdue University, December<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>2003.</p>
<p align="center" class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 74.35pt; margin-right: 58.3pt; margin-top: 10.25pt; text-align: center;">-
M -</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.55pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Mac Owan K.J., Atkinson J.M., Bell
A.M., Brand T.F., Randall C.J., 1984. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Egg transmission of a respiratory
isolate of mycoplasma synoviae and infection of the chicken
embryo.Avianpathology, 13:51-58.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.55pt; margin-top: 10.05pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Marchal N, Bourdon J. L, Richard C.
1982. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Staphylococcus et Micrococcus P 180 – 193. Les Milieux De Culture
: pour l’isolement et l’identification des bactéries DOIN EDITEURS, 1982.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section25">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.4pt; margin-top: 3.65pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Maris P. 1988. </b>Comparaison de
quatre techniques de prélèvements de bactéries sur ciment, fibrociment et acier
dans des bâtiments avicoles. Ann Rech Vet 1988, Vol 19, Num 3. P 181- 185.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.75pt; margin-top: 10.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Maris P et Ribouchon J.L.1986 : </b>Efficacité
de désinfectants sur la contamination des œufs. Annale de Recherches
Vétérinaires INRA edt 1986.17(2) pp 123-128.Hal-00901639</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 148%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.85pt; margin-top: 10.2pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 148%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Mclean R. G, Ubico S. R, Norton
Hughes C. A, Engstrom S. M et Johnson R. C. 1993. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 148%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Isolation
and Characterization of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Borrelia
burgdorferi </i>from Blood of a Bird Captured in the Saint Croix River Valley.
P 2038–2043, Journal Of Clinical Microbiology, Vol 31, Num 8, Aug 1993.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 10.35pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Meghdas<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>I.,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>Monzer<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>H.,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>Dabboussi<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>F.,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>Baida<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>N<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>.,Daniel<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>I.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>20003.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">«<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>Taxonomie<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>du<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>genre<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.95pt;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">Ps<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">e</span>udomonas</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: .55pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">a<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">e</span>rugi<span style="mso-font-width: 99%;">no<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">s</span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span></span></i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-font-width: 25%;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">:<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>R<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">e</span>trosp<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">ec</span>tive<span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">e</span>t<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">ac</span>tu<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">a</span>lité<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">»</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">L</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">b</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">a</span>n<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">e</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">s</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span><span style="mso-font-width: 99%;">S</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">c</span>ience<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">J</span>ourn<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">a</span>l<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>;<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>5(1)<span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span>:<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>115<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.85pt;">-27.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .2pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.8pt; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Meulemans G. 1992. </b>Infections
à Orthomyxovirus P 107–112 ; In manuel de pathologie aviaire ; Edition : Maison
Alfort 1992.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.8pt; margin-top: 9.95pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Meulemans G. 1992 b. </b>Infections
à Paramyxovirus P 113–118 ; In manuel de pathologie aviaire : Edition : Maison
Alfort, 1992.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 10.05pt; margin-top: 9.8pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Mineki, M. and M. Kobayashi, 1997. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Microstructure
of yolk from fresh eggs by improved method, Journal of Food Science, 62, (4):<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>757-761.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.8pt; margin-top: 10.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Molayo• lu H.B., Baka M., Genin O.
et Pines M., 2007. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Effect of temperature during the incubation period on
tibial growth plate chondrocyte differentiation and the incidence of tibial
dyschondroplasia. Poultry Science, 86,<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>1772-1783.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.9pt; margin-top: 10.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Myllemann Y, 1997. </b>Les
marqueurs épidémiologiques des salmonelles. Veterinary Research, 1998, 29, 3 –
19.</p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<p align="center" class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 74.35pt; margin-right: 53.5pt; margin-top: 3.9pt; text-align: center;">-
N -</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.7pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Nakamura K., Cook J.K., Frazier J.A., Narita M., 1992.
</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Escherichia coli multiplication and lesions in the respiratory tract of
chickens inoculated with infectious bronchitis virus and/or Escherichia coli.
Avian diseases,<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>36:881-890.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.65pt; margin-top: 9.9pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Nau F, Dubiard C.G., Florenee
Bouron, Jean-louis Thapon, 2010. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Incubation artificielle science et
technologie de l’œuf. Production et qualité, TFC et DOC, V.01, p. 67-69.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.7pt; margin-top: 10.1pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ndiaye M.L, 2002. </b>Contribution
à l’étude de la contamination microbiologique de la viande de volailles.
Mémoire de DEUA, Faculté des sciences et techniques institut de technologie
nucléaire appliquée I.T.N.A. Université Cheikh Anta Diop de<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>Dakar.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.95pt; margin-top: 10.05pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Newell D. G et Fearnly C. 2003 .</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Sources of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Campylobacter </i>colonization in broiler
chickens., Applied Environmental Microbiology, Vol 69, Num 8 , August 2003. P
4343 – 4351.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 10.05pt; margin-top: 9.95pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Nys, Y., 2010. </b>Structure et
formation de l'oeuf, Science et technologie de l'oeuf Volume I : Production et
qualité, F. Nau, C. Guerin-Dubiard, F. Baron and J.-L. Thapon: 161-250.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.5pt; margin-top: 9.95pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Nys, Y. and N. Guyot, 2011. </b>Egg
formation and chemistry, Improving the safety and quality of eggs and egg
products. Volume 1: Egg chemistry, production and consumption, Y. Nys, M. Bain
and F. v. Immerseel. Cambridge, UK, Woodhead Publishing Ltd:<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>83-132.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.7pt; margin-top: 10.05pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Nys, Y., M. T. Hincke, J. L. Arias,
J. M. Garcia-Ruiz and S. E. Solomon., 1999. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Avian eggshell
mineralization, Poultry and Avian Biology Reviews, 10, (3):<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>143-166.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 249.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 10.2pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 249.5pt; text-indent: -233.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>O -</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.85pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Oyetunede O.O.F Thomson R.G.,
Carlson H.C., 1978. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Aerosol exposure of ammonia, dust and Escherichia coli
in broiler chickens. Can. Vet. J.,1978, 19, 187-193.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 250.4pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 10.25pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 250.45pt; text-indent: -234.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>P<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>-</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 148%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 9.75pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 148%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Pearson A. D, Greenwood M. H,
Feltham R. K. A, Healing T. D et Donaldson J, Jones D. M et Colwell R. R, 1996
,</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 148%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Microbial Ecology of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Campylobacter
jejuni </i>in a United Kingdom Chicken Supply Chain: Intermittent Common
Source, Vertical Transmission, and<o:p></o:p></span></p>earnbtc4freehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03514123550786668019noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3094162968095839258.post-75093168520088973582021-11-13T14:54:00.000-08:002021-11-13T14:54:07.664-08:00<div class="Section1">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.75pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">2008)</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.75pt; margin-top: 9.95pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Les infections par <i>Pseudomonas
aeruginosa </i>sont le plus souvent inapparentes chez les reproducteurs. En
revanche, au couvoir, elles peuvent entraîner des baisses du taux d'éclosion de
l'ordre de 10%. Le premier signe est l'explosion des œufs en incubateur avec
une odeur caractéristique. Ensuite, les poussins éclos peuvent présenter des
sacs vitellins putréfiés malodorants, ceci s'accompagnant d'une mortalité
élevée dans les boîtes de transport, d'un démarrage difficile avec de nouveau
une élévation de la mortalité vers le 4 e ou le 5 e jour. Certains sujets,
survivants mais infectés, peuvent présenter des arthrites, de la péricardite,
des abcès plantaires.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.7pt; margin-top: 10.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">La transmission par l'œuf du bacille pyocyanique est
admise, le germe se développant surtout dans le vitellus. Cependant, elle est
surtout fréquente sur les troupeaux âgés, chez lesquels les coquilles sont
poreuses et les pontes au sol élevées. Il s'agit plus d'une contamination de
surface que d'une contamination ovarienne. De même, la contamination par les
solutions de lavage et de trempage polluées a été décrite <b>(E. Goater ., 1985).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section2">
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .05pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 23.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo64; tab-stops: 23.15pt; text-indent: -12.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Démarche<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>HACCP</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .2pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top: .05pt; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo64; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 60.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Définition<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .55pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.8pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Selon la norme française (NF) V01-002:2008, le HACCP
(analyse des dangers - points critiques pour leur maîtrise) est une démarche
qui identifie, évalue et maîtrise les dangers significatifs au regard de la
sécurité des aliments <b>(AFNOR, 2013).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.55pt; margin-top: 9.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">En Algérie, le décret exécutif N° 10-90 du 10 mars
2010 fixant les conditions et modalités d'agrément sanitaire, rend l'HACCP
obligatoire aux produits animaux et d’origine animale ; « Système Hazard
Analysis Critical Control Point HACCP : l’ensemble des action et des procédures
écrites à mettre en place au niveau des établissements dont l’activité est liée
aux produits animaux et d’origine animale pour évaluer les dangers et
identifier les points critiques qui menacent la salubrité et la sécurité des
aliments dans le but de les maîtriser » <b>(Journal
Officiel de la république algérienne,<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>2010).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-top: 10.3pt; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo64; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 60.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Principe</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .05pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.6pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Le système HACCP se situe dans le prolongement des
bonnes pratiques. Ces dernières constituent un préalable indispensable à la
mise en place du système HACCP. Celui-ci s’attache plus particulièrement aux
étapes dont des mesures de maîtrise sont applicables et essentielles pour
prévenir ou éliminer un danger lié à la sécurité des denrées alimentaires ou le
ramener à un niveau acceptable <b>(Anonyme
02, 2015).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section3">
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 46.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.6pt; mso-list: l60 level1 lfo60; tab-stops: 46.5pt; text-indent: -17.45pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Les sept principes de ce système sans résumés
dans la figure suivante<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody><tr>
<td height="0" width="117"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td><img height="465" src="file:///C:/Users/antri03/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.jpg" v:shapes="image16.jpeg" width="600" /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .05pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><o:wrapblock><v:shapetype
id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t"
path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f">
<v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/>
<v:formulas>
<v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/>
<v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"/>
</v:formulas>
<v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/>
<o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/>
</v:shapetype><v:shape id="image16.jpeg" o:spid="_x0000_s2051" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='position:absolute;margin-left:87.75pt;margin-top:8.95pt;width:450.05pt;
height:348.45pt;z-index:1;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square;
mso-wrap-distance-left:0;mso-wrap-distance-top:0;mso-wrap-distance-right:0;
mso-wrap-distance-bottom:0;mso-position-horizontal:absolute;
mso-position-horizontal-relative:page;mso-position-vertical:absolute;
mso-position-vertical-relative:text'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\antri03\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.jpg"
o:title=""/>
<w:wrap type="topAndBottom" anchorx="page"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]-->
<!--[endif]--><!--[if gte vml 1]></o:wrapblock><![endif]--><br clear="ALL" />
<span style="font-size: 6.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .1pt;"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 117.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.5pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Figure 09 : </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Principes de l’HACCP <b>( Anonyme 02, 2015).<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .15pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="mso-list: l5 level2 lfo64; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 60.45pt; text-indent: -21.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Méthodologie HACCP appliquée dans
le<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>couvoir</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .05pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.95pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Le couvoir comme un segment de la chaîne de production
alimentaire visant à produire un produit sûr.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 6.05pt; margin-top: 9.95pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Les processus du couvoir sont structurés autour de
points critiques du contrôle (CCP). A l’aide des CCP, on contrôle les risques
potentiels de nature biologique, chimique ou physique, qui peuvent menacer la
sécurité alimentaire <b>(Lohmann , 2001).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section4">
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .05pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-list: l5 level3 lfo64; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 83.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -30.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Les bonnes pratiques de<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>l’accouvage</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.65pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Les opérations en couvoir doivent être conçues pour
faire en sorte que la présence éventuelle de contaminants soit rapidement
dépistée et que même dans le cas où le dépistage se révèle inefficace, l’organisation
des flux évite la dissémination accidentelle de l’infection <b>(SNA,<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>2003).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 86.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 10.2pt; mso-list: l5 level3 lfo64; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 86.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -30.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Implantation et conception de<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>l'établissement</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.75pt; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Le choix d'isolement de l'emplacement d'un
établissement d'accouvaison tend à faciliter l'application rigoureuse et
efficace des différentes mesures de biosécurité tout en combinant à cette
séparation physique à une séparation fonctionnelle à tous les niveaux de la
chaine de production qu'il soit une production d'OAC au sein des élevages de reproducteurs
ou une production de poussin d'un jour dans le couvoir <b>(Afssa, 2000). </b>Il est de règle pour une meilleure prévention
hygiénique et sanitaire ainsi qu'une bonne maitrise des risques potentiels liés
à la présence et à la circulation du personnel, d'animaux, de produits
d'animaux et des objets pouvant entrainer un problème d'ordre sanitaire.</p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-top: 10.2pt; mso-list: l5 level3 lfo64; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 83.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -30.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Maitrise sanitaire au couvoir</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.9pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Le <b>tableau 05 </b>résume
les neuf chapitres du PMS dans les couvoirs Gallus adhérents la charte
sanitaire à titre d’exemple le cas de la salmonelle <b>(DGAL, 2012).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section5">
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .35pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.5pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Tableau 05 : </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">PMS salmonelles dans les couvoirs Gallus adhérents la
charte sanitaire <b>(DGAL, 2012).<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .2pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="TableNormal" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 5.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid black; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid black; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;">
<tbody><tr style="height: 25.85pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 25.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 113.2pt;" valign="top" width="151">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.5pt; margin-left: 33.55pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Chapitres<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 25.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 134.65pt;" valign="top" width="180">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.4pt; margin-left: 44.95pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Éléments<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 25.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 191.1pt;" valign="top" width="255">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.4pt; margin-left: 60.45pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Sous-éléments<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 105.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td rowspan="4" style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 105.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 113.2pt;" valign="top" width="151">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .2pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 105%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.1pt; margin-right: 16.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -3.75pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 105%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">A. Protection de l'établissement<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 105.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 134.65pt;" valign="top" width="180">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 106%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.35pt; margin-right: 14.15pt; margin-top: 10.55pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 106%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">A.1
Protection sanitaire vis à vis de la faune sauvage et des animaux domestiques<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 105.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 191.1pt;" valign="top" width="255">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 115%; margin-right: 11.95pt; mso-list: l73 level3 lfo59; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 35.05pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Protection contre les <span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">rongeurs </span>et les<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>insectes<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.05pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 9.7pt; mso-list: l73 level3 lfo59; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 35.05pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Couvoir séparé de tout<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>élevage<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .55pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 105%; margin-right: 5.5pt; mso-list: l73 level3 lfo59; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 35.05pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 105%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 105%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Absence de produits autres
<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">que </span>des OAC dans le<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>couvoir<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 79.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 79.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 134.65pt;" valign="top" width="180">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 105%; margin-right: 14.15pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 105%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">A.2
Protection générale vis à vis des personnes<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 79.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 191.1pt;" valign="top" width="255">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 115%; margin-right: 15.75pt; mso-list: l28 level3 lfo58; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 35.15pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Le personnel des élevages <span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">ne </span>rentre pas dans le<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>couvoir<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 106%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.35pt; margin-right: 17.25pt; margin-top: 9.6pt; mso-list: l28 level3 lfo58; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 35.05pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 106%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 106%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Accès interdit aux <span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">personnes </span>étrangères au<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>service<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 42.05pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 42.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 134.65pt;" valign="top" width="180">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">A.3 Abords<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 42.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 191.1pt;" valign="top" width="255">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 105%; margin-right: 8.3pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 105%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">A.3.1
Zone propre et nue aux abords immédiats<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 146.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 146.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 134.65pt;" valign="top" width="180">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 105%; margin-right: 14.15pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 105%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">A.4
Protection rapprochée par les sas<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 146.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 191.1pt;" valign="top" width="255">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 115%; margin-right: 11.65pt; mso-list: l17 level3 lfo57; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 35.05pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Conception (marche en <span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">avant, </span>surfaces<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>lisses)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.35pt; margin-right: 11.65pt; margin-top: 9.75pt; mso-list: l17 level3 lfo57; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 35.05pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Equipements (tenues de
travail, lave-mains équipés,<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">douche)</span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 35.05pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 9.9pt; mso-list: l17 level3 lfo57; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 35.05pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Entretien (propre,<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>rangé)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .5pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 106%; margin-right: 20.95pt; mso-list: l17 level3 lfo57; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 35.05pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 106%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 106%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Fonctionnement (marche <span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">en </span>avant<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">
</span>respectée)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 146.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 146.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 113.2pt;" valign="top" width="151">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .2pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 105%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.1pt; margin-right: 5.95pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -13.7pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 105%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">B. Aménagement de l'établissement<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 146.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 134.65pt;" valign="top" width="180">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .2pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 8.35pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">B.1 Locaux<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 146.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 191.1pt;" valign="top" width="255">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 115%; margin-right: 47.9pt; mso-list: l76 level3 lfo56; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 34.35pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Surfaces facilement
nettoyables et<span style="letter-spacing: -.8pt;"> </span>désinfectables<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.35pt; margin-right: 31.65pt; margin-top: 9.75pt; mso-list: l76 level3 lfo56; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 34.35pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Organisation générale <span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;">des </span>locaux<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 34.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 10.0pt; mso-list: l76 level3 lfo56; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 34.35pt; text-indent: -29.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Conception des circuits<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>d'air<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .4pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 106%; margin-right: 7.2pt; mso-list: l76 level3 lfo56; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 34.35pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 106%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 106%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Aménagement des locaux <span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">dans </span>les couvoirs mixtes<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 106%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section6">
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .55pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 6.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="TableNormal" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 5.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid black; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid black; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;">
<tbody><tr style="height: 79.15pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 79.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 113.2pt;" valign="top" width="151">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 79.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 134.65pt;" valign="top" width="180">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .1pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 18.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="TableParagraph"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">B.2 Matériel<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 79.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 191.1pt;" valign="top" width="255">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 115%; margin-right: 25.6pt; mso-list: l62 level3 lfo55; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 34.35pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Nettoyable et<span style="letter-spacing: -.75pt;"> </span>désinfectable facilement<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 106%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.35pt; margin-right: 35.65pt; margin-top: 9.6pt; mso-list: l62 level3 lfo55; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 34.35pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 106%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 106%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Filtres de<span style="letter-spacing: -.85pt;"> </span>dépoussiérages disposés aux entrées
d'air<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 37.4pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td rowspan="2" style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 37.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 113.2pt;" valign="top" width="151">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 106%; margin-right: 30.65pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 106%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">C.
Personnel de l'établissement<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 37.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 134.65pt;" valign="top" width="180">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.4pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">C.1 Personnel permanent<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 37.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 191.1pt;" valign="top" width="255">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 106%; margin-right: 8.9pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 106%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">C.1.1
Formation relative aux risques en matière de santé<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 37.4pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 37.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 134.65pt;" valign="top" width="180">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 106%; margin-right: 60.45pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 106%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">C.2
Personnel occasionnel<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 37.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 191.1pt;" valign="top" width="255">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 106%; margin-right: 8.9pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 106%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">C.2.1
Formation relative aux risques en matière de santé<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 79.2pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td rowspan="3" style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 79.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 113.2pt;" valign="top" width="151">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-top: 10.7pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">D. Entrants<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 79.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 134.65pt;" valign="top" width="180">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 106%; margin-right: 8.45pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 106%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">D.1
Animaux et produits animaux<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 79.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 191.1pt;" valign="top" width="255">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 115%; margin-right: 34.0pt; mso-list: l57 level3 lfo54; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 35.05pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Origine des OAC <span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">(circuit </span>charte<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>sanitaire)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 106%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.35pt; margin-right: 32.9pt; margin-top: 9.35pt; mso-list: l57 level3 lfo54; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 35.05pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 106%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 106%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Hygiène des OAC mis <span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;">en </span>incubation<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 38.25pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 38.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 134.65pt;" valign="top" width="180">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.4pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">D.2 Eau<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 38.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 191.1pt;" valign="top" width="255">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 106%; margin-right: 6.45pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 106%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">D.2.1
Potabilité de l'eau utilisée dans le couvoir<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 53.25pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 53.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 134.65pt;" valign="top" width="180">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 106%; margin-right: 16.5pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 106%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">D.3
Matériels de transport et emballages<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 53.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 191.1pt;" valign="top" width="255">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 106%; margin-right: 45.6pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 106%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">D.3.1
Gestion du matériel de transport et des emballages<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 151.55pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td rowspan="3" style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 151.55pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 113.2pt;" valign="top" width="151">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .15pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 18.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 106%; margin-right: 34.65pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 106%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">E.
Conduite de l'établissement<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 151.55pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 134.65pt;" valign="top" width="180">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .15pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 18.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 106%; margin-right: 38.45pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 106%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">E.1
Conduite de la production<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 151.55pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 191.1pt;" valign="top" width="255">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 115%; margin-right: 30.55pt; mso-list: l82 level3 lfo53; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 33.75pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Déclaration sans délai <span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;">aux </span>autorités des analyses positives
(Salmonella)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.35pt; margin-right: 25.5pt; margin-top: 9.7pt; mso-list: l82 level3 lfo53; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 33.75pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Respect du fonctionnement
dans les différentes<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>zones<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 106%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.35pt; margin-right: 14.05pt; margin-top: 9.9pt; mso-list: l82 level3 lfo53; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 33.75pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 106%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 106%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Espèce Gallus gallus
filière ponte, filière chair et autres <span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">espèces
</span>isolées<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 22.65pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 22.65pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 134.65pt;" valign="top" width="180">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.4pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">E.2 Traçabilité<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 22.65pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 191.1pt;" valign="top" width="255">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.4pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">E.2.1 Traçabilité
disponible<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 89.25pt; mso-yfti-irow: 8; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 89.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 134.65pt;" valign="top" width="180">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.4pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">E.3 Entretien des locaux<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 89.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 191.1pt;" valign="top" width="255">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l36 level3 lfo52; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 33.75pt; text-indent: -28.4pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Propreté des<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>locaux<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-top: .05pt; mso-list: l36 level3 lfo52; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 33.75pt; text-indent: -28.4pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Nettoyage et<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>désinfection<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .35pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 106%; margin-right: 31.1pt; mso-list: l36 level3 lfo52; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 33.75pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 106%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 106%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Nettoyage des camions <span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;">de </span>transport (OAC et<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>poussins)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 106%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section7">
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .55pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 6.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="TableNormal" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 5.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid black; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid black; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;">
<tbody><tr style="height: 104.95pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 104.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 113.2pt;" valign="top" width="151">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 104.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 134.65pt;" valign="top" width="180">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 106%; margin-right: 10.15pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 106%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">E.4
Gestion des déchets, cadavres et effluents d'élevage<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 104.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 191.1pt;" valign="top" width="255">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l33 level3 lfo51; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 30.8pt; text-indent: -25.45pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Eaux<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>souillées<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.35pt; margin-right: 9.9pt; margin-top: .05pt; mso-list: l33 level3 lfo51; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 33.75pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Produits non conformes <span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">(OAC </span>et poussins de<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>tri)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 106%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.35pt; margin-right: 33.35pt; margin-top: 9.75pt; mso-list: l33 level3 lfo51; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 30.8pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 106%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 106%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Déchets d'éclosion<span style="letter-spacing: -.8pt;"> </span>(duvet, fientes, œuf non éclos...)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 37.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td rowspan="2" style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 37.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 113.2pt;" valign="top" width="151">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 106%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.35pt; margin-right: 15.7pt; margin-top: 10.55pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 106%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">F.
Enregistrements (tenue à jour des documents)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 37.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 134.65pt;" valign="top" width="180">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 105%; margin-right: 54.8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 105%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">F.1
Registre de l'établissement<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 37.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 191.1pt;" valign="top" width="255">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">F.1.1 Plan de rappel<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 105.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 105.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 134.65pt;" valign="top" width="180">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 106%; margin-right: 9.45pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 106%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">F.2 Plan
pour la maîtrise sanitaire de l'établissement<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 105.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 191.1pt;" valign="top" width="255">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-list: l47 level3 lfo50; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 33.0pt; text-indent: -27.65pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Plan de nettoyage<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>désinfection<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .5pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 115%; margin-right: 36.55pt; mso-list: l47 level3 lfo50; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 33.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Autocontrôle visuel de <span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">la </span>propreté des<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>locaux<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 106%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.35pt; margin-right: 48.2pt; margin-top: 9.65pt; mso-list: l47 level3 lfo50; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 33.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 106%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 106%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Plan de lutte contre <span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">les </span>nuisibles<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 106.3pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td rowspan="2" style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 106.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 113.2pt;" valign="top" width="151">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .25pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 17.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="TableParagraph"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">I. Analyses<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 106.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 134.65pt;" valign="top" width="180">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 106%; margin-top: 11.55pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 106%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">I.1Mise
en œuvre des procédures de prélèvements<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 106.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 191.1pt;" valign="top" width="255">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .2pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 115%; margin-right: 13.2pt; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo49; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 30.25pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Prélèvements effectués
sous <span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;">la </span>responsabilité<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .25pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-top: .05pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">du vétérinaire sanitaire Notation<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 30.3pt; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo49; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 30.35pt; text-indent: -25.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Laboratoire<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>d'analyses<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 109.05pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 109.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 134.65pt;" valign="top" width="180">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-top: 11.55pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">I.2 Résultats d'analyses<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 109.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 191.1pt;" valign="top" width="255">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .2pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 115%; margin-right: 11.6pt; mso-list: l68 level3 lfo48; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 30.25pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Mesures correctives en cas
de résultats défavorables (plan<span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;"> </span>maîtrise
Salmonella)<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>Notation<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .5pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 105%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.35pt; margin-right: 6.65pt; margin-top: .05pt; mso-list: l68 level3 lfo48; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 30.25pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 105%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 105%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Résultats d'analyses
disponibles dans le<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>couvoir<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .55pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 6.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo64; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 60.45pt; text-indent: -21.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Risques<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>Sanitaires</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.95pt; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 12.1pt;">Les risques relatifs à chaque phase du processus de
fabrication sont recensés depuis l’entrée de l’œuf au couvoir jusqu’à
l’installation du poussin d’un jour. Il appartient à chaque couvoir de recenser
les risques <b>(SNA , 2003).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section8">
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .05pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 53.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.5pt;">3.4.1 Stockage des œufs</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18.3pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo47; tab-stops: 18.35pt; text-indent: -7.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Manque de propreté du quai de débarquement
des œufs<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .2pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo47; tab-stops: 18.35pt; text-indent: -7.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Manque
de propreté de la salle, des containers d’œufs, des alvéoles<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .1pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18.3pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo47; tab-stops: 18.35pt; text-indent: -7.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Pas de désinfection des œufs<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18.3pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo47; tab-stops: 18.35pt; text-indent: -7.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Mauvaise qualité bactériologique de l’eau de
lavage<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .3pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18.3pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo47; tab-stops: 18.35pt; text-indent: -7.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Mauvaise traçabilité des œufs<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .2pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo47; tab-stops: 18.35pt; text-indent: -7.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Non-application
des mesures relatives aux oeufs<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>importés.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .45pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="mso-list: l79 level3 lfo46; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 83.7pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span dir="LTR"></span>Programmation de<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>l’incubation</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .45pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo47; tab-stops: 18.35pt; text-indent: -7.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Mauvaise
identification<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .2pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo47; tab-stops: 18.35pt; text-indent: -7.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Utilisation
d’œufs ne répondant pas aux normes sanitaires<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">
</span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .2pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo47; tab-stops: 18.35pt; text-indent: -7.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Œufs
sales<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 6.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo47; tab-stops: 20.25pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Contamination d’œufs sains par des œufs porteurs de
salmonelle ou mycoplasme lors de l’incubation<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">
</span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 9.95pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo47; tab-stops: 18.35pt; text-indent: -7.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Contamination
d’œufs sains par des œufs d’importation<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-left: 86.7pt; mso-list: l79 level3 lfo46; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 86.7pt; text-indent: -30.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Mise sur plateaux<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>d’incubation</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 6.15pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo47; tab-stops: 19.05pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Manque de propreté de la salle et du matériel (suceurs) de
mise sur plateaux et des chariots d’incubation<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">
</span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 6.2pt; margin-top: 10.0pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo47; tab-stops: 21.2pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Manque de propreté du personnel (lavage des mains, tenue
adéquate, mélanges d'œufs provenant de parquets de reproducteurs de statuts
différents).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-top: 10.2pt; mso-list: l79 level3 lfo46; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 83.7pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span dir="LTR"></span>Préchauffage</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18.3pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo47; tab-stops: 18.35pt; text-indent: -7.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Manque de propreté de la salle de<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>préchauffage.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section9">
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .05pt;"><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-list: l79 level3 lfo46; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 83.7pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span dir="LTR"></span>Incubation</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18.3pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo47; tab-stops: 18.35pt; text-indent: -7.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Circuits ne respectant pas la marche en avant<span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .2pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo47; tab-stops: 18.35pt; text-indent: -7.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Manque
de propreté de la salle, des machines<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .1pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 222%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 162.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo47; tab-stops: 18.35pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 222%;">•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 222%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Manque de propreté du personnel (lavage des mains, tenue) ;
Non-application des mesures relatives aux oeufs<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>importés.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-top: .2pt; mso-list: l79 level3 lfo46; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 83.7pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span dir="LTR"></span>Transfert</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18.3pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo47; tab-stops: 18.35pt; text-indent: -7.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Communication avec salles d’éclosoirs
contenant des poussins<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .2pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 221%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 31.45pt; margin-top: .05pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo47; tab-stops: 18.35pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 221%;">•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 221%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Contamination du système de transfert par des œufs de
mauvaise qualité<span style="letter-spacing: -.95pt;"> </span>(Pseudomonas,
Aspergillus)<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo47; tab-stops: 18.35pt; text-indent: -7.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Allées
et venues des personnels<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .2pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo47; tab-stops: 18.35pt; text-indent: -7.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Salle,
machine de transfert, plateaux et chariots d’éclosion, personnel<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18.3pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo47; tab-stops: 18.35pt; text-indent: -7.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Perte de l’identification au transfert<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18.3pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo47; tab-stops: 18.35pt; text-indent: -7.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Risque de dispersion des lots suspects dans
plusieurs éclosoirs<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="mso-list: l79 level3 lfo46; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 83.7pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span dir="LTR"></span>Eclosion</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .45pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18.3pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo47; tab-stops: 18.35pt; text-indent: -7.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Perte de l'identification du lot à la sortie
/ tri<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18.3pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo47; tab-stops: 18.35pt; text-indent: -7.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Manque de propreté de la salle, des machines<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18.3pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo47; tab-stops: 18.35pt; text-indent: -7.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Manque de propreté du personnel (lavage des
mains, tenue)<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18.3pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo47; tab-stops: 18.35pt; text-indent: -7.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Non-application des mesures relatives à
l’éclosion d’œufs importés<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18.3pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo47; tab-stops: 18.35pt; text-indent: -7.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Non-application des mesures d’isolement des
lots suspects<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .15pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18.3pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo47; tab-stops: 18.35pt; text-indent: -7.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Absence de maîtrise des flux d’air en sortie<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>éclosion.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section10">
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .05pt;"><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-list: l79 level3 lfo46; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 83.7pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span dir="LTR"></span>Tri / Sexage /<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>Vaccination</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18.3pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo47; tab-stops: 18.35pt; text-indent: -7.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Manque de propreté de la salle, du matériel<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .2pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo47; tab-stops: 18.35pt; text-indent: -7.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Manque
de propreté du personnel (pas de lavage des mains, tenue inadéquate)<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .1pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18.3pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo47; tab-stops: 18.35pt; text-indent: -7.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Manque d’identification des poussins par<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>origine.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="mso-list: l79 level3 lfo46; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 83.7pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span dir="LTR"></span>Stockage /<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>expédition</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .05pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18.3pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo47; tab-stops: 18.35pt; text-indent: -7.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Manque de propreté de la salle, des camions,
du<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>personnel.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .45pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-left: 23.1pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo64; tab-stops: 23.15pt; text-indent: -12.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Les principaux vecteurs de<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>germes</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l5 level2 lfo64; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 60.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">L’homme<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .45pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.8pt; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">C’est le principal facteur de contamination des
élevages. Il peut être considéré comme une source de germes pour les oiseaux,
en abritant certains agents pathogènes communs aux humains et aux oiseaux
(Candida, <i>E. coli</i>, Salmonelles,
Mycobactéries) <b>(Butcher et Miles, 2003;
Alogninouwa, 1992)<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-top: 9.8pt; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo64; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 60.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Les animaux<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>domestiques</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.9pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Représentent de véritables sources d’agents pathogènes
pour les élevages. D’une part ils peuvent être des vecteurs excréteurs de
micro-organismes pathogènes pour les volailles et d’autre part ils peuvent
jouer le rôle de vecteurs mécaniques. C’est le cas des :</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.95pt; margin-top: 9.9pt; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo68; tab-stops: 19.75pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Chien, porcs, chats, bovins,
ovins pour Campylobacter spp, Mycobctéries, Salmonelles et cryptosporidies <b>(Workman, Mathison et Lavoie,<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>2005)<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 10.1pt; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo68; tab-stops: 18.55pt; text-indent: -7.45pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Oiseaux
de volières pour Mycobactéries,<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span><i>Chlamydia psittaci </i><b>(Louzis, 1992), </b>Paramyxovirus<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.85pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">(Meulemans;
1992) </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">et <i>Pasteurella multocida </i><b>(Schelcher, 1992</b>).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section11">
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .05pt;"><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo64; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 60.45pt; text-indent: -21.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Les animaux<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>sauvages</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .2pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top: .05pt; mso-list: l5 level3 lfo64; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 83.7pt; text-indent: -30.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Mammifères<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>sauvages<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .55pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 39.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Surtout pour Salmonella Spp <b>(Loven et Williams, 2003) </b>et <i>Pasteurella
multocida<o:p></o:p></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.85pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">transmise par les Racoons <b>(Friend et Franson, 1999).<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="mso-list: l5 level3 lfo64; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 83.7pt; text-indent: -30.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Oiseaux sauvages (moineaux,
pigeons, étourneaux,<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>corbeaux…)</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.9pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Sont de véritables nuisances aux élevages non pas par
les dégâts qu’ils peuvent engendrer au niveau des bâtiments (surtout risque
d’incendies) mais aussi par leur rôle dans la propagation des maladies (ce sont
des vecteurs excréteurs de germes pathogènes) notamment les germes suivants <b>(Tableau 06)<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 10.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b>Tableau 06 : </b>les agents pathogènes
excrétés par les oiseaux sauvages.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="TableNormal" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 5.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid black; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid black; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;">
<tbody><tr style="height: 30.7pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 30.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 219.55pt;" valign="top" width="293">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.75pt; margin-left: 61.9pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">L’agent pathogène<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 30.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 219.55pt;" valign="top" width="293">
<p align="center" class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.75pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 83.0pt; margin-right: 82.75pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Référence<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 30.55pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 30.55pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 219.55pt;" valign="top" width="293">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Yersinia spp<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 30.55pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 219.55pt;" valign="top" width="293">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Kapperud et Rosef, 1983<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 30.55pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 30.55pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 219.55pt;" valign="top" width="293">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.4pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Adenovirus (EDS 76)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 30.55pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .75pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 219.55pt;" valign="top" width="293">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.4pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Silim et Kheyar, 1992<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 30.7pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 30.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 219.55pt;" valign="top" width="293">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Borrelia burgdorferi<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 30.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 219.55pt;" valign="top" width="293">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Mclean et all 1993<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 30.7pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 30.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 219.55pt;" valign="top" width="293">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 30.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 219.55pt;" valign="top" width="293">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Reboli et Farrar, 1989<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 51.3pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 51.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 219.55pt;" valign="top" width="293">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-right: 37.05pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Orthomyxovirus
(surtout les oiseaux aquatiques migrateurs)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 51.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 219.55pt;" valign="top" width="293">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Lipatov et all, 2004<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 61.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 61.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 219.55pt;" valign="top" width="293">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Campylobacter spp<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .25pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="TableParagraph"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Salmonella spp<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 61.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 219.55pt;" valign="top" width="293">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Reed et all, 2003<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 61.4pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 61.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 219.55pt;" valign="top" width="293">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Paramyxovirus<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .2pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-top: .05pt;"><i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Mycoplasma
gallisepticum<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 61.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 219.55pt;" valign="top" width="293">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Friend et Franson, 1999<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section12">
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .55pt;"><span style="font-size: 6.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="TableNormal" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 5.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid black; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid black; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;">
<tbody><tr style="height: 61.4pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 61.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 219.55pt;" valign="top" width="293">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Pasteurella<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>multocida<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .2pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-top: .05pt;"><i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Mycobacterium<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>avium<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 61.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 219.55pt;" valign="top" width="293">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo64; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 60.45pt; text-indent: -21.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Les insectes et les<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>acariens</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l5 level3 lfo64; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 83.7pt; text-indent: -30.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Les mouches et
les<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>moucherons<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .05pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.95pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Se multiplient rapidement en milieu favorable
(température et hygrométrie élevée, déchets…). Les mouches peuvent assurer le
transport passif de nombreux germes (virus, bactéries, parasites) voire être
des hôtes intermédiaires pour des parasites (cestodes). Les principales espèces
trouvées sont :</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 222%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 39.4pt; margin-right: 203.05pt; margin-top: 9.95pt; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo45; tab-stops: 20.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.4pt; line-height: 222%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-width: 99%;">*<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 222%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Musca domestica </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 222%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">(Mouche
domestique, House <span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">fly) </span>Elle est
incriminée dans la transmission de<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 11.1pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Pasteurella multocida </span></i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">et paramyxovirus <b>(Chermette, 1992)<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .15pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 11.1pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Campylobcters Spp <b>(Pearson, 1996)<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 11.1pt;"><i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">E. coli </span></i><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">(Ordeur et Mainil, 2002).<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 11.1pt;"><i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Staphylococcus
aureus</span></i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, Aspergillus spp,
<i>Streptococcus faecalis </i>et<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.95pt;"><i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Bacillus
cereus </span></i><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">(Banjo, Lawal et Adeduji,
2005)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .15pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 20.1pt; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo45; tab-stops: 20.15pt; text-indent: -9.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.4pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-width: 99%;">*<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Fania
canicularis </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">(Petite
mouche domestique, Little house<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>fly)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 39.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Incriminée dans la transmission de la maladie de
Newcastle <b>(Chermette, 1992)<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-left: 20.1pt; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo45; tab-stops: 20.15pt; text-indent: -9.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="letter-spacing: -0.4pt;">*<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Lucilia<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>caezari</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.9pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Dont les larves ayant vécu sur de la viande en putréfaction,
ont été rapporter comme source de toxine botulinique (<i>Clostridium botulinum</i>) <b>(Brugere
– Picoux et Silim, 1992).<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section13">
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .35pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-indent: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Jouent un
important rôle dans la transmission de Campylobacter spp <b>(Newell et Fearnly, 2003)<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 20.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 9.7pt; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo45; tab-stops: 20.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.4pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-width: 99%;">*<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Alphitobius
diaperinus, piceus </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">(Les ténébrions ou<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>Panzer)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.7pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Ils sont essentiellement vecteurs mécaniques d’agents
pathogènes dont le virus de la maladie de Marek et de la maladie de Gumboro,
virus de la leucose aviaire, le virus de l’influenza aviaire, le virus de la
variole aviaire, de la maladie de Newcastle, les salmonelles, les colibacilles,
Compylobacter spp, aspergillus, cestodes, spirures et coccidies. <b>(Strother, Teelman et Gbur, 2005 ; Reyns,
Macdougald et Mathis, 1983).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 20.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 9.35pt; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo45; tab-stops: 20.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.4pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-width: 99%;">*<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Menacanthus
stramineus<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">(poux)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 39.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Incriminé dans la transmission du virus de
l’encéphalomyélite <b>(Hoelscher, 1997)<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .35pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 20.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo45; tab-stops: 20.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="letter-spacing: -0.4pt;">*<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Ornithonyssus<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>Sylviarum</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 6.15pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Dont la responsabilité dans la transmission des virus
de la variole aviaire, de l’encéphalite de Saint louis et de la maladie de
Newcastle a été rapporté <b>(Chrmette,
1992).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-top: 10.35pt; mso-list: l5 level3 lfo64; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 83.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -30.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Les moustiques</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .45pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.75pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Incriminées dans la propagation du virus de la variole (Elles
peuvent transmettre le virus pendant plusieurs semaines après un repas
contaminant) <b>(Butcher et al , 1999 ;
Elhouadfi, 1992) </b>et du Birnavirus <b>(Vendvogel,
1992).<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-top: 10.25pt; mso-list: l5 level3 lfo64; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 83.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -30.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Les<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>tiques</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 39.4pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Peuvent transmettre <i>Borrelia burgdorferi </i><b>(Barbour
et Hayes, 1986) </b>et Poxvirus<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.15pt; text-align: justify;">(Elhouadfi, 1992).</p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section14">
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .05pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo64; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 60.45pt; text-indent: -21.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">L’eau<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 11.1pt; text-indent: 28.3pt;">L’eau peut être contaminée par des virus, des parasites et des bactéries
qui risquent d’entraîner des épisodes pathologiques.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 9.95pt; text-indent: 28.3pt;">L’eau a été décrite dans la transmission de différentes pathologies
infectieuses dues aux germes mentionnés dans le <b>tableau<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>07.<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 9.95pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Tableau 07 : </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">les agents pathogènes
transmis par l’eau.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-size: 5.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="TableNormal" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 5.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid black; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid black; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;">
<tbody><tr style="height: 30.7pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 30.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 219.55pt;" valign="top" width="293">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.75pt; margin-left: 61.9pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">L’agent pathogène<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 30.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 219.55pt;" valign="top" width="293">
<p align="center" class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.75pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 83.0pt; margin-right: 82.75pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Référence<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 30.65pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 30.65pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 219.55pt;" valign="top" width="293">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Campylobacter spp<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 30.65pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 219.55pt;" valign="top" width="293">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Newell et Fearnly, 2003 ;
Pearson, 1996<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 30.7pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 30.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 219.55pt;" valign="top" width="293">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Salmonella spp<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 30.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 219.55pt;" valign="top" width="293">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Lecoanet, 1992<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 30.65pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 30.65pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 219.55pt;" valign="top" width="293">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Pasteurella multocida<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 30.65pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 219.55pt;" valign="top" width="293">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Schelcher, 1992 ; Friend
et Franson, 1999<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 30.65pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 30.65pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 219.55pt;" valign="top" width="293">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Bordetella avium<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 30.65pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 219.55pt;" valign="top" width="293">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Venne, 1992<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 30.7pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 30.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 219.55pt;" valign="top" width="293">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.55pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Paramyxovirus<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 30.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 219.55pt;" valign="top" width="293">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.55pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Meulemans; 1992b<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 30.7pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 30.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 219.55pt;" valign="top" width="293">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Reovirus<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 30.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 219.55pt;" valign="top" width="293">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Rekkik et Silim, 1992<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 30.65pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 30.65pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 219.55pt;" valign="top" width="293">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">E. coli<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 30.65pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 219.55pt;" valign="top" width="293">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Ordeur et Mainil, 2002<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 30.65pt; mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 30.65pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 219.55pt;" valign="top" width="293">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Birnavirus<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 30.65pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 219.55pt;" valign="top" width="293">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Vendvogel, 1992<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 30.7pt; mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 30.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 219.55pt;" valign="top" width="293">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Haemophilus paragallinarum<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 30.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 219.55pt;" valign="top" width="293">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Haffar, 1992<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 51.35pt; mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 51.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 219.55pt;" valign="top" width="293">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Mycobacterium spp<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 51.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 219.55pt;" valign="top" width="293">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-right: 1.35pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Alogninouwa,
1992 ;Friend et Franson, 1999<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 30.7pt; mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 30.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 219.55pt;" valign="top" width="293">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.65pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Herpesvirus (Maladie de
Marek)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 30.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 219.55pt;" valign="top" width="293">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.65pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Coudert, 1992<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 30.8pt; mso-yfti-irow: 12; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 30.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 219.55pt;" valign="top" width="293">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.65pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Virus de l’anémie
infectieuse<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 30.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 219.55pt;" valign="top" width="293">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.65pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Rekkik, 1992<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section15">
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .05pt;"><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 74.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo64; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 74.7pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span dir="LTR"></span>Le<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>matériel</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 19.1pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Les agents pathogènes peuvent également être transmis par les équipements
souillés (vue leur résistance dans le milieu extérieur). C’est le cas des
germes suivants<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span><b>(tableau08).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 11.1pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Tableau 08 : </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">les agents pathogènes
transmis par le matériel.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="TableNormal" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 5.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid black; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid black; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;">
<tbody><tr style="height: 30.7pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 30.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 219.55pt;" valign="top" width="293">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.75pt; margin-left: 61.9pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">L’agent pathogène<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 30.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 219.55pt;" valign="top" width="293">
<p align="center" class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.75pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 83.0pt; margin-right: 82.75pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Référence<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 30.6pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 30.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 219.55pt;" valign="top" width="293">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.55pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Birnavirus<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 30.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 219.55pt;" valign="top" width="293">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.55pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Vendvogel, 1992<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 30.7pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 30.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 219.55pt;" valign="top" width="293">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.65pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Herpesvirus (LTI)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 30.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 219.55pt;" valign="top" width="293">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.65pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Silim, 1992<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 30.65pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 30.65pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 219.55pt;" valign="top" width="293">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.65pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Salmonella spp<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 30.65pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 219.55pt;" valign="top" width="293">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.65pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Friend et Franson, 1999<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 30.65pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 30.65pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 219.55pt;" valign="top" width="293">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.65pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Haemophilus paragallinarum<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 30.65pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 219.55pt;" valign="top" width="293">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.65pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Haffar, 1992<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 30.8pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 30.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 219.55pt;" valign="top" width="293">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.65pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Herpesvirus (Maladie de
Marek)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 30.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; width: 219.55pt;" valign="top" width="293">
<p class="TableParagraph" style="line-height: 13.65pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Coudert, 1992<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section16">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .35pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 25.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-list: l67 level1 lfo44; tab-stops: 25.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><a name="Chapitre_I-Matériel_et_méthode_fini"></a><!--[if !supportLists]-->I.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Matériel</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.7pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Pour répondre à l’objectif de la présente étude deux
parties sont à réaliser, la première est spécifique à l’étude des conditions
dans lesquelles se trouve le couvoir, lieu de l’étude, et qui a fait l’objet
d’un questionnaire <b>(Annexe 01) </b>présenté
au responsable du couvoir et une seconde partie est consacrée aux prélèvements
et identification des microorganismes qui y sont<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>présents.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.8pt; margin-top: 8.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">En raison du confinement, et étant dans
l’impossibilité de réaliser ce travail sur terrain et au laboratoire de
microbiologie, cette partie est substituée par des travaux similaire effectués
au préalable.</p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-top: 8.25pt; mso-list: l67 level2 lfo44; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 59.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Enquête</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.65pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Un questionnaire doit être établi concernant les
caractéristiques, la structure, la conception et la capacité du couvoir, la
qualité d’eau et des œufs, les matériaux, les procédures de nettoyage et de
désinfection…etc, afin d’évaluer le niveau d’hygiène et les mesures de
biosécurité prise au niveau de ce dernier.</p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-top: 8.3pt; mso-list: l67 level2 lfo44; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 59.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Matériel de<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>prélèvement</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .3pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.8pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Le matériel utilisé est préparé 3 jours au préalable
avant la réalisation des prélèvements en quantités suffisantes (conservé au
réfrigérateur) et transporté dans une glacière propre devant être nettoyée et
désinfectée après chaque série de prélèvement:</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.05pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.95pt; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo68; tab-stops: 18.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -7.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Pour le contrôle bactériologique de l’air<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 39.4pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt;">On utilise des boites de Pétri
contenant les milieux de culture suivants :</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .05pt;"><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 34.25pt; mso-list: l52 level2 lfo68; tab-stops: 34.3pt; text-indent: -9.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">*<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Gélose nutritive<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 34.25pt; mso-list: l52 level2 lfo68; tab-stops: 34.3pt; text-indent: -9.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">*<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Violet Red Bile Agar (VRBG) (gélose à la
bile, au cristal violet et au glucose)<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 34.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; mso-list: l52 level2 lfo68; tab-stops: 34.3pt; text-indent: -9.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">*<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Milieu
de Chapman<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 34.25pt; mso-list: l52 level2 lfo68; tab-stops: 34.3pt; text-indent: -9.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">*<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Gélose<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>Hektoen.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section17">
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.05pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.1pt; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo68; tab-stops: 18.1pt; text-indent: -7.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Pour
les prélèvements de surfaces<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 34.25pt; mso-list: l52 level2 lfo68; tab-stops: 34.3pt; text-indent: -9.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">*<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Écouvillons stériles en coton (type coton<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>tige);<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 6.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l52 level2 lfo68; tab-stops: 37.3pt; text-indent: 14.15pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.1pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-width: 99%;">*<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Tubes à essai contenant 9 ml
d’eau peptonée tamponnée plus 1 ml de solution de neutralisants des<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>désinfectants.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 34.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 8.05pt; mso-list: l52 level2 lfo68; tab-stops: 34.3pt; text-indent: -9.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">*<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Gabarit
stérilisable d’une surface totale de 20 Cm2<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">
</span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 34.35pt; mso-list: l52 level2 lfo68; tab-stops: 34.4pt; text-indent: -9.15pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">*<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Lampe à pétrole<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 34.25pt; mso-list: l52 level2 lfo68; tab-stops: 34.3pt; text-indent: -9.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">*<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Alcool à brûler<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .55pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 34.25pt; mso-list: l52 level2 lfo68; tab-stops: 34.3pt; text-indent: -9.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">*<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Gants stériles<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 34.25pt; mso-list: l52 level2 lfo68; tab-stops: 34.3pt; text-indent: -9.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">*<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Marqueur indélébile<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .05pt;"><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 34.25pt; mso-list: l52 level2 lfo68; tab-stops: 34.3pt; text-indent: -9.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">*<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Sachets<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>stomacher.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .2pt;"><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-left: 59.05pt; mso-list: l67 level2 lfo44; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 59.1pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span dir="LTR"></span>Matériel<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>d’analyse</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18.05pt; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo68; tab-stops: 18.1pt; text-indent: -7.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Balance électronique de précision<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18.05pt; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo68; tab-stops: 18.1pt; text-indent: -7.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Broyeur<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .55pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18.05pt; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo68; tab-stops: 18.1pt; text-indent: -7.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Four Pasteur<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">
</span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18.05pt; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo68; tab-stops: 18.1pt; text-indent: -7.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Autoclave pour la stérilisation<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18.05pt; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo68; tab-stops: 18.1pt; text-indent: -7.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Une verrerie composée de tubes, erlenmeyers,
flacon et autres<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-size: 16.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18.05pt; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo68; tab-stops: 18.1pt; text-indent: -7.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Pinces, ciseaux<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .45pt;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18.05pt; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo68; tab-stops: 18.1pt; text-indent: -7.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Hotte à flux laminaire et enceinte
thermorégulée<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-size: 16.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 21.05pt; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo68; tab-stops: 21.1pt; text-indent: -7.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Papiers aluminium<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .45pt;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18.05pt; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo68; tab-stops: 18.1pt; text-indent: -7.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Spatules<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .55pt;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18.05pt; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo68; tab-stops: 18.1pt; text-indent: -7.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Cloches<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18.05pt; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo68; tab-stops: 18.1pt; text-indent: -7.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Étuve réglée à 37°C<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section18">
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.05pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.1pt; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo68; tab-stops: 18.1pt; text-indent: -7.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Boites
de Pétri remplies de milieux de cultures spécifiques ou non<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18.05pt; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo68; tab-stops: 18.1pt; text-indent: -7.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Bain mari<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">
</span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18.05pt; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo68; tab-stops: 18.1pt; text-indent: -7.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Pipettes jaugées de 1 ml (stérilisées après
chaque série d’analyse)<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18.05pt; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo68; tab-stops: 18.1pt; text-indent: -7.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Agitateur type vortex<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18.05pt; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo68; tab-stops: 18.1pt; text-indent: -7.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Pipettes pasteur<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .05pt;"><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.05pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo68; tab-stops: 18.1pt; text-indent: -7.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Bec
benzène<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18.05pt; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo68; tab-stops: 18.1pt; text-indent: -7.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Galeries d’identification biochimique (galeries
classiques, système API 20 E et les réactifs)<span style="letter-spacing: -.8pt;">
</span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.75pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo68; tab-stops: 19.55pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Sérum de lapin lyophilisé ou
sérum humain (sang prélevé en tube citraté, oxalaté ou avec EDTA) pour la
recherche de la staphylocoagulase ;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.05pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 8.05pt; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo68; tab-stops: 18.1pt; text-indent: -7.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Tubes à
essai contenant 9 ml d’eau peptonée tamponnée<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">
</span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18.05pt; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo68; tab-stops: 18.1pt; text-indent: -7.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Sérums polyvalents anti O et anti H pour
l’identification des salmonelles<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .45pt;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 10.5pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo68; tab-stops: 18.1pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Milieux de cultures préparés
et coulés en boites de Pétri (gélose nutritive, milieu de Chapman, gélose
Hektoen, milieu SS, gélose Mc Conkey, gélose VRBG, milieu BEA, Gélose TSA, Gélose
Karmali, Bouillon PRESTON, Solution de neutralisants)<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.05pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 8.0pt; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo68; tab-stops: 18.1pt; text-indent: -7.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Bouillon<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>sélénite.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section19">
<p align="left" class="Heading3" style="margin: 8.25pt 0cm 0.0001pt 29.1pt; text-indent: -18.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->II.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Méthode</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="line-height: 207%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 243.95pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l67 level2 lfo44; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 63.8pt; text-indent: 28.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Sites et nombre de<span style="letter-spacing: -.95pt;"> </span>prélèvements Pour l’air<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>ambiant</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 11.1pt;">-Au niveau de
quatre endroits différents dans la salle d’incubation ainsi que dans la salle
d’éclosion;</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 19.1pt; margin-top: 7.75pt;">-Au niveau des
machines (incubateurs et éclosoirs) à trois niveaux différents (selon la
technique décrite par <b>Tber et all 1994</b>).</p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 8.35pt;">Pour les surfaces</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 11.1pt;">-La surface de
: la salle de réception, la salle préchauffage, la salle d’incubation, la salle
de stockage, la salle de tri des poussins et d’expédition (en des endroits
différents pour chacune);</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.9pt;">-La surface des œufs;</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .05pt;"><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt;">-Les surfaces des incubateurs et
des éclosoirs (en quatre endroits);</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .45pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt;">-Quatre plateaux d’incubation et
quatre autres d’éclosion;</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18.05pt; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo68; tab-stops: 18.1pt; text-indent: -7.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Duvet (en quantité<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>suffisante).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .15pt;"><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.75pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; mso-list: l67 level2 lfo44; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 63.8pt; text-indent: -24.4pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Moment des<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>prélèvements</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 39.4pt;">Les prélèvements ont été
réalisés en deux séries :</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 20.2pt; mso-list: l74 level1 lfo43; tab-stops: 20.25pt; text-indent: -9.15pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">*<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">La </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">première le jour même de
l’éclosion<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.75pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l74 level1 lfo43; tab-stops: 22.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">*<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.15pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">La </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">deuxième : 1 à 3 jours après la fin
des opérations de nettoyage / de désinfection (ils concernent l’air ambiant
dans la salle d’éclosion et dans les éclosoirs, les parois de la salle
d’éclosion et des éclosoirs ainsi que les plateaux d’éclosion).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section20">
<p class="Heading5" style="line-height: 207%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 273.85pt; margin-top: 4.35pt; mso-list: l67 level2 lfo44; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Technique de<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>prélèvement Pour l’air<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>ambiant</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.75pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">La technique consiste à ouvrir (exposer à l’air libre)
des boites de Pétri contenant des milieux de culture sélectifs pour chaque
bactérie recherchée pendant 10 minutes <b>(Tber
et al., 1994).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.5pt; text-align: justify;">Pour les surfaces</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.7pt; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Les prélèvements se font selon la technique du frottis
par écouvillon. Le frottis se réalisent au moyen d’un écouvillon en coton tenu
par un gant propre et frotter contre la surface à contrôler sous un angle de
45° <b>(Figure 10 et 11) </b>et une pression
constante en la balayant selon le schéma suivant : 15 aller-retour sur la
longueur et 10 aller-retour sur la largeur (pour les surfaces lisses) et en le
tournant (pour les surfaces rugueuses surtout les parois).</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.7pt; margin-top: 8.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">L’écouvillon est alors récupéré dans un tube à essai
contenant 9 ml d’eau peptonée tamponnée additionnée de 1 ml de solution de
neutralisants des désinfectants pour tous les prélèvements réalisés au niveau
du couvoir.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 6.05pt; margin-top: 8.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Les tubes à essai sont identifiés à l’aide d’un marqueur
indélébile pour chaque surface prélevée <b>(Maris,
1988 ; AFSCA, 2002).<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 8.2pt; text-align: justify;">Pour le duvet</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 6.15pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Le duvet est prélevé stérilement à partir des plateaux
d’éclosion, des portes, des parois et des coins de l’éclosoir dans des sachets
stériles <b>(Chen et all, 2002).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody><tr>
<td height="0" width="279"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td><img height="179" src="file:///C:/Users/antri03/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.jpg" v:shapes="image17.jpeg" width="278" /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .45pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><o:wrapblock><v:shape
id="image17.jpeg" o:spid="_x0000_s2050" type="#_x0000_t75" style='position:absolute;
margin-left:208.8pt;margin-top:8.15pt;width:208.7pt;height:134.4pt;z-index:2;
visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square;mso-wrap-distance-left:0;
mso-wrap-distance-top:0;mso-wrap-distance-right:0;mso-wrap-distance-bottom:0;
mso-position-horizontal:absolute;mso-position-horizontal-relative:page;
mso-position-vertical:absolute;mso-position-vertical-relative:text'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\antri03\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.jpg"
o:title=""/>
<w:wrap type="topAndBottom" anchorx="page"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]-->
<!--[endif]--><!--[if gte vml 1]></o:wrapblock><![endif]--><br clear="ALL" />
<b><span style="font-size: 5.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 62.2pt; margin-right: 57.0pt; margin-top: 7.55pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Figure 10: </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">écouvillonnage des oeufs <b>(Diafi,
2010)</b></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section21">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 3.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 133.95pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: FR; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="image18.jpeg" o:spid="_x0000_i1025"
type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:210pt;height:132.75pt;visibility:visible;
mso-wrap-style:square'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\antri03\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image005.jpg"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="177" src="file:///C:/Users/antri03/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image006.jpg" v:shapes="image18.jpeg" width="280" /><!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 4.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 62.3pt; margin-right: 57.0pt; margin-top: 4.65pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Figure 11 : </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Prélèvements de surface des machines et murs <b>(Diafi, 2010)</b></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-left: 63.75pt; mso-list: l67 level2 lfo44; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 63.8pt; text-indent: -24.4pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Analyses<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>microbiologiques</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.7pt; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Les analyses bactériologiques ont pour but de
déterminer le niveau de contamination bactérienne de l’air ambiant et des
surfaces afin d’évaluer l’efficacité des procédures de nettoyage et de
désinfection.</p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-top: 8.2pt; mso-list: l67 level3 lfo44; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 87.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Germes<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>étudies</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 39.4pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt;">Les germes recherchés et
dénombrés dans cette étude sont :</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18.15pt; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo68; tab-stops: 18.2pt; text-indent: -7.1pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">La flore aérobie mésophile totale<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .05pt;"><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18.15pt; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo68; tab-stops: 18.2pt; text-indent: -7.1pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Les entérobactéries<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18.15pt; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo68; tab-stops: 18.2pt; text-indent: -7.1pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Les staphylocoques<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18.15pt; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo68; tab-stops: 18.2pt; text-indent: -7.1pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Les salmonelles<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.05pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo68; tab-stops: 18.1pt; text-indent: -7.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Compylobacter<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18.05pt; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo68; tab-stops: 18.1pt; text-indent: -7.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Pseudomonas
aeruginosa </span></i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18.05pt; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo68; tab-stops: 18.1pt; text-indent: -7.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Entérocoques et<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>streptocoques.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .2pt;"><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="mso-list: l67 level3 lfo44; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 87.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Ensemencement et lecture</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .05pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l67 level4 lfo44; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 103.2pt; text-indent: -42.45pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Les boites de
Pétri ayant servi au contrôle bactériologique de<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>l’air<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 6.05pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Elles sont mises à l’étuve dès l’arrivée au
laboratoire (incubation à 37°C pendant 18 à 24 heures).</p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section22">
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 110.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.35pt; mso-list: l67 level4 lfo44; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 110.15pt; text-indent: -42.45pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Les<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>écouvillons</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 11.1pt; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Ils sont traités le jour même du prélèvement (Selon l’AFSCA, 2002 : le
temps s’écoulant entre le prélèvement et l’ensemencement ne doit en aucun cas
dépasser 12 heures).</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.05pt; margin-top: 8.05pt; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Les tubes à essai contenant les écouvillons sont mis au réfrigérateur et
traités par série de trois de la manière suivante :</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 19.1pt; margin-top: 7.9pt; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Chaque écouvillon est soumis à une agitation mécanique vigoureuse type
Vortex pendant un temps précis de 30<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>secondes.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 39.4pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 8.1pt;">Pour chaque tube on procède de la
manière suivante :</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .15pt;"><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-left: 34.25pt; mso-list: l78 level1 lfo42; tab-stops: 34.3pt; text-indent: -9.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">*<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Numération de la flore
aérobie mésophile<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>totale</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Le dénombrement est fait sur gélose nutritive standard. 0.1 ml de la
solution mère est déposé aseptiquement à la surface de la gélose puis étalé par
la technique de la pipette râteau.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 207%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 39.4pt; margin-right: 76.2pt; margin-top: 8.05pt;">Les boites de
Pétri seront mises à l’étuve à 37°C pendant 24 heures. Toutes les colonies
ayant poussé après incubation sont comptées.</p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 34.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .15pt; mso-list: l78 level1 lfo42; tab-stops: 34.3pt; text-indent: -9.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">*<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Numération des<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>entérobactéries</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .3pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.75pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Leur dénombrement se fait sur milieu Violet Red Bile
Agar (VRBG). 0.1 ml de la solution mère est mis aseptiquement au fond de la
boite de Pétri sur lequel on verse une quantité suffisante du milieu
(généralement 15 à 20 ml) (fondue et tenue au bain mari à 45 – 50 °C) et on
agite pour bien mélanger (mouvement<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>rotatoire).</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 6.05pt; margin-top: 8.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Après refroidissement et solidification sur une
surface parfaitement horizontale, on ajoute une deuxième couche du même milieu
(de 4 à 5 ml).</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.65pt; margin-top: 8.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Après solidification de cette deuxième couche les
boites de Pétri sont incubées à 37 °C pendant 18 à 24 heures.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.9pt; margin-top: 7.95pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Seules les colonies roses violacées ou rouges de 0.5
mm de diamètre ou plus seront comptabilisées.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 8.05pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">(Technique décrite par : <b>Coiffier et all, 1997</b>).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section23">
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 34.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.35pt; mso-list: l78 level1 lfo42; tab-stops: 34.3pt; text-indent: -9.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">*<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Numération des<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>staphylocoques</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.8pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">On utilise le milieu de Chapman coulé en boites de
Pétri. 0.1 ml de la solution mère est déposé sur la surface du milieu de
Chapman et est ensuite étalé par la technique de la pipette râteau.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 8.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">(Technique décrite par <b>Marchal, Bourdon et Richard, 1982</b>).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .15pt;"><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-left: 34.25pt; mso-list: l78 level1 lfo42; tab-stops: 34.3pt; text-indent: -9.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">*<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Recherche des<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>salmonelles</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 11.1pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">. Dans l’air ambiant<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .45pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 6.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Toutes les colonies qui se montrent semblables à
celles des salmonelles sur gélose Hektoen (forme, taille, couleur), feront
l’objet d’un isolement (à partir de colonie bien isolées) sur gélose Hektoen ou
gélose SS.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.8pt; margin-top: 7.95pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Après incubation à 37°C pendant 24 heures, pour chaque
isolement on ensemence une galerie d’identification biochimique classique
supplémentée par une galerie API 20 E et on ensemence de nouveau une gélose
Hektoen ou une gélose SS.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.8pt; margin-top: 8.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Les colonies ayant montré les caractères biochimiques
des salmonelles, sont identifiées par agglutination sur lame : En utilisant des
sérums polyvalents anti O et anti H, l’identification est accomplie en se
referant au schéma de Kauffmann /<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>White.</p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 8.25pt; text-align: justify;">. Dans les
prélèvements réalisés par écouvillonnage</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 39.4pt;">La recherche et l’isolement se
déroulent en 04 phases :</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.7pt; margin-top: .05pt; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo41; tab-stops: 26.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-width: 99%;">a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">La phase de pré-enrichissement : </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Les prélèvements réalisés dans de
l’eau peptonée tamponnée sont incubés à 37 °C pendant 16 à 20<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>heures.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.75pt; margin-top: 8.0pt; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo41; tab-stops: 25.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-width: 99%;">b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">La phase d’enrichissement : </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Une portion du milieu de
pré-enrichissement est transférée dans un milieu d’enrichissement (bouillon au
sélénite de sodium) et incubée à 37°C pendant 24<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>heures.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.95pt; margin-top: 8.05pt; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo41; tab-stops: 25.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-width: 99%;">c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Phase d’isolement : </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">A partir du milieu d’enrichissement on ensemence deux
milieux sélectifs solides : gélose Hektoen et gélose SS. L’incubation se fait à
37°C pendant 24<span style="letter-spacing: -.8pt;"> </span>heures.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section24">
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.85pt; margin-top: 4.1pt; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo41; tab-stops: 25.15pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.2pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-width: 99%;">d.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Phase d’identification biochimique et sérologique : </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Même
approche que celle pour les prélèvements réalisés à partir de<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>l’air.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.9pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">(Technique décrite par Sutra, <b>Federighi et Jouve, 1998</b>).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .3pt;"><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-left: 11.1pt;">. Recherche et identification des
salmonelles sur le duvet</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 207%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 39.4pt; margin-right: 201.05pt; margin-top: .05pt; text-indent: -25.35pt;">(Le duvet est traité le jour même de son prélèvement) On procède de la
manière suivante :</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 11.1pt; text-indent: 12.0pt;">. 0.25 g de duvet est mis dans 10 ml d’eau peptonée tamponnée, bien
mélangé et incubé à 37°C pendant 18 à 24 heures ;</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 19.1pt; margin-top: 7.75pt; text-indent: 12.0pt;">. 2 ml du mélange précédant sont ajoutés à 20 ml de bouillon sélénite.
Incubé à 37°C pendant 24 heures ;</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 23.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.9pt;">. Isolement sur gélose Hektoen et
gélose SS incubées à 37°C pendant 24 heures ;</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .05pt;"><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 207%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 241.6pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: 12.0pt;">. Identification biochimique et sérologique. (Technique décrite par <b>Chirol, 1992</b>).</p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 25.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .25pt;">* Recherche et identification de
Staphylococcus aureus</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.75pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Pour sa mise en évidence on fait recours à la
recherche de la staphylocoagulase libre synthétisée par ce germe en plus de ses
caractères culturaux (des colonies jaunâtres de taille moyennes, lisses
brillantes, pigmentées au jaune) sur le milieu de Chapman.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.95pt; margin-top: 8.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">A partir des boites de Pétri utilisées pour le
dénombrement des staphylocoques de l’air, les colonies présentant les
caractéristiques de Satphylococcus aureus sur milieu de Chapman sont isolées et
ensemencées sur des boites de Pétri contenant le même milieu (une colonie par
boite). Les boites de pétri sont incubées à 37°C pendant 18 à 24 heures.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.95pt; margin-top: 8.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">10 gouttes de plasma de lapin (le plasma de lapin
lyophilisé est reconstitué avec de l’eau distillée en évitant la formation de
mousse) ou de plasma humain (en cas de son utilisation on procède à un contrôle
avec une souche coagulase positive connue), sont mis dans un tube à hémolyse
puis ensemencées massivement à partir des ré-isolements.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 39.4pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.95pt; text-align: justify;">Les tubes sont
mis à l’étuve à 37°C pendant 24 heures.</p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section25">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 207%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 39.4pt; margin-right: 19.1pt; margin-top: 4.1pt;">Les lectures se
font chaque heure pendant les 5 premières heures et après 24 heures. Le teste
de coagulase positif se traduit par une prise en masse du plasma.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.75pt; margin-left: 11.1pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">(Technique décrite par Marchal, <b>Bourdon
et Richard, 1982).<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .15pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-left: 25.25pt;">* Recherche et identification des
entérobactéries</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .3pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 6.05pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo68; tab-stops: 19.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">L’isolement des germes a été
fait par ensemencement des échantillons dans des boites de pétri contenant de
la gélose de MAC Conkey. Ce milieu de culture a l’avantage de faire pousser
toutes les entérobactéries notamment les Escherichia<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>coli.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.9pt; margin-top: 8.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Les différentes boîtes ensemencées sont ensuite
incubées à 37°C pendant 24 heures. La lecture est faite après 24 heures. Les
colonies apparues ont été observées sur le plan macroscopique puis une colonie
rose a été choisie et cultivée dans des tubes contenant de la gélose nutritive.
Ces tubes ont été ensuite incubés à 37°C dans l’étuve pendant 24 heures.</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.95pt; margin-top: 7.95pt; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo68; tab-stops: 20.95pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Pour l’identification,
Chaque culture pure a fait l’objet d’une coloration de Gram. Les bacilles à
Gram négatif sont ensuite soumis au test<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>d’oxydase.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.8pt; margin-top: 8.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Les bacilles à Gram négatif et oxydase positive sont
reconnus comme des non entérobactéries, donc écartés pour la suite des
investigations. Les bacilles à Gram négatif et oxydase négatif (présumés
Entérobactéries) ont été soumis à d’autres tests biochimiques permettant la
recherche des caractères de famille, puis ceux spécifiques à E coli.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 6.1pt; margin-top: 7.95pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Pour tous les prélèvements, l’identification
biochimique des entérobactéries a été faite à l’aide des galeries classiques et
des galeries API Système 20 E.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .15pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-left: 25.25pt;">* Recherche et identification des
compylobacter</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .3pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.8pt; margin-top: .05pt; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo68; tab-stops: 19.4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Les bactéries du genre
Campylobacter poussent sur milieu enrichi(le bouillon PRESTON). Une incubation
à 42°C pendant 24 heures permet de sélectionner les bactéries du genre
Campylobacter thermophiles (<i>Campylobacter
jejuni </i>et <i>Campylobacter coli</i>)
fréquemment trouvés chez les volailles.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .4pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 6.1pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Après 24 heures d'incubation, l'isolement est efIectué
sur milieux solides. Deux milieux solides sont utilisés parallèlement : la
gélose Karmali et la gélose Virion.</p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.9pt; margin-top: 4.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">L'incubation s'effectue à 42°C au bout de 24 à 72
heures. Il est indiqué d'effectuer la lecture au bout de 48 heures. Les
colonies sont non hémolytiques, plates, grisâtre, translucides avec un bord
irrégulier. Elles mesurent 1 à 2 mm de diamètre et peuvent quelquefois s'étaler
le long des stries d'ensemencement ou présenter un aspect mucoide L'examen
microscopique direct entre lame et lamelle d'une goutte de colonie en
suspension est souvent très évocateur.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .55pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.9pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo68; tab-stops: 20.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">L’identification de ces
bactéries s’effectue à l’aide de critères simples : bacilles à gram négatif
incurvés, présence d’une oxydase et généralement d’une<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>catalase.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 25.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 8.3pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">* Recherche et
identification de <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<o:p></o:p></i></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><b><i><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.95pt; margin-top: .05pt; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo68; tab-stops: 20.6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #212121; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: #212121; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Les bactéries
du genre Pseudomonas poussent sur milieu TSA. Une incubation à 37C° pendant 24h
à<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>48h.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 6.1pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;"><span style="color: #212121;">La lecture des résultats
se fait selon le nombre et la coloration des colonies obtenues après
l’incubation des boîtes. On compte les colonies de couleur verte au cas des
Pseudomonas</span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 13.75pt; margin-left: 39.4pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #212121;">Les souches
produit une pigmentation verte, avec une odeur caractéristique de la fleur de</span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 6.3pt; margin-top: 6.95pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #212121;">« seringa » sont isolées. Les colonies
isolées sont de grande taille avec un aspect bombé au centre présentant le
reflet métallique et au contour irrégulier (colonies larges).</span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.95pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;"><span style="color: #212121;">L’isolement des germes se </span>fait
par ensemencement des échantillons dans des boites de pétri contenant de la <span style="color: #212121;">gélose héktoene, puis les incubées </span>dans l’étuve <span style="color: #212121;">à 37C° pendant 24h.</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.95pt; margin-top: 8.05pt; mso-list: l52 level1 lfo68; tab-stops: 22.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #212121; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: #212121; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">L’identification
de <i>peudomonas aeruginosa </i>s’effectue
par la réalisation de la galerie biochimique pour mettre en évidence les
caractères biochimiques de cette<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>bactérie.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .15pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 25.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt;"><b><span style="color: #212121; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">* Recheche et
identification des enterocoques et streptocoques :</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .15pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.75pt; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Le milieu Bile Esculine Azide (BEA) est destiné pour
la croissance et la sélection des entérocoques et streptocoques grâce leur
capacité à hydrolyser l’esculine; deux examens directs ont été réalisés
incluant la coloration de Gram et le test de catalase qui permettent
l’orientation vers ces deux genres<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>bactériens.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Afin de différencier les streptocoques des
entérocoques, plusieurs tests ont été réalisés à savoir : la croissance sur
milieu hyper salé, la résistance à la chaleur, résistance au tellurite de
potassium et la résistance à bas niveau aux aminosides.</span> </p>earnbtc4freehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03514123550786668019noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3094162968095839258.post-56320129973762780412021-11-13T14:52:00.001-08:002021-11-13T14:52:39.305-08:00<p style="text-align: center;"> <span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Pour une efficacité maximale, on veillera à ce que la
température de la solution soit comprise entre 38 et 48°C. La pulvérisation se
réalisera dans un local exempt de poussières.</span></p><div class="Section1">
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 107.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 10.25pt; mso-list: l11 level4 lfo11; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 107.4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -45.7pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Fumigation</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .45pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 7.65pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">C’est la méthode la plus répandue. Elle est
particulièrement efficace dans la lutte contre les contaminations de surface de
la coquille. Cependant, les gaz qui résultent de la caléfaction des produits ou
solutions employés diffusent mal à travers les pores et il est donc essentiel
que la fumigation ait lieu alors que la chambre à air est encore en cours de
formation.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 8.2pt; margin-top: 10.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Nombreux sont les produits qui peuvent être employés
pour la fumigation. Les plus répandus sont : Mélange de formol à 37,5% et
permanganate de potassium.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 7.85pt; margin-top: 10.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">La fumigation peut se faire par l’adjonction de 10 ml
de formaldéhyde (bactéricide et fongicide) à 40% à 5 g de permanganate de
potassium par m3 de volume du local.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 7.7pt; margin-top: 9.95pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Les œufs sont déposés sur des supports en plastique et
placés dans une enceinte hermétique (boîte ou local selon le nombre d’œufs) qui
fait office de chambre à gaz. On dépose les cristaux de permanganate dans un
petit récipient dans la chambre à gaz, puis on y verse le formol avant de
refermer celle-ci.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 7.9pt; margin-top: 10.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">La fumigation doit durer au moins une demi-heure. Les
gaz de la fumigation sont toxiques pour l’homme et la manipulation exige le
port d’un masque intégral.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 8.05pt; margin-top: 9.95pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Après la fumigation, on laisse échapper les gaz soit
en ouvrant la boîte à l’extérieur, soit par une ventilation si il s’agit d’un
local, et on laisse reposer les œufs pendant une heure à l’air.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 8.1pt; margin-top: 10.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">La fumigation peut aussi se faire directement dans
l’incubateur, mais jamais pendant les quatre premiers jours de l’incubation <b>(Edouard, 2013).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 8.25pt; margin-top: 9.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">La désinfection du couvoir et leur machine se faite
avec ces deux techniques précédent <b>(Hubbard.,
2010).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section2">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .35pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 5.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-list: l7 level3 lfo10; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 77.7pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Paramètre<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>d’incubation</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 7.7pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">La couveuse doit être placée dans une pièce bien
isolée dans laquelle la température reste le plus constant possible jour et
nuit <b>(l'Amou1en, 1988 ; Wageningen et
al. 1998)</b>. La température de la salle doit être comprise entre 18 et 20°C
et l'hygrométrie supérieure à 70% <b>(L'Amou1en,
1988). </b>La couveuse peut également être placée dans une boîte de plus grand
format qui servira d'isolation supplémentaire condition que la ventilation soit
bonne <b>(Wageningen et al.<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>2000)</b>.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 7.8pt; margin-top: 10.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Pour réussir un bon développement embryonnaire et une
éclosion vers le 21ème Jour dans des conditions les plus proches de la normale,
il faut respecter un certain nombre de paramètres comme la température,
l'humidité, le retournement, les échanges gazeux et autres facteurs <b>(Leksrisompong et al., 2007 et 2009).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-top: 10.25pt; mso-list: l7 level4 lfo10; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 109.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>La<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>température</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 7.8pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Pendant l'incubation Le facteur essentiel de la
réussite de l'incubation est la température, surtout pendant la première
semaine. La température optimale lors des 2 premières semaines est de 38,9° C
avec un écart maximal de 0,5 °C vers le haut ou vers le bas. A partir du 19ième
jour de l'incubation, la température doit baisser 36,1 °C car les poussins
produisent eux-mêmes de la chaleur. Au-delà de 40,5 °C, les températures sont
mortelles pour les embryons. Une hausse de température et une baisse d'humidité
peuvent donner un ensemble des résultats désastreux. Une température trop basse
retarde l'éclosion des œufs, mais est toutefois moins dangereuse qu'une
température trop élevée <b>(Wageningen et
al. 2000)</b>. Comme le montre <b>le
tableau 01.<o:p></o:p></b></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section3">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .15pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 5.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.5pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Tableau 01 : </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Conséquences de non respect
de la norme température <b>(Reijrink.,
2010).<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody><tr>
<td height="0" width="121"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td><img height="253" src="file:///C:/Users/antri03/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.jpg" v:shapes="image7.png" width="550" /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table><p class="MsoBodyText"><!--[if gte vml 1]><o:wrapblock><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75"
coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe"
filled="f" stroked="f">
<v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/>
<v:formulas>
<v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/>
<v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"/>
</v:formulas>
<v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/>
<o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/>
</v:shapetype><v:shape id="image7.png" o:spid="_x0000_s2057" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='position:absolute;margin-left:91.1pt;margin-top:9.45pt;width:412.35pt;
height:189.75pt;z-index:1;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square;
mso-wrap-distance-left:0;mso-wrap-distance-top:0;mso-wrap-distance-right:0;
mso-wrap-distance-bottom:0;mso-position-horizontal:absolute;
mso-position-horizontal-relative:page;mso-position-vertical:absolute;
mso-position-vertical-relative:text'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\antri03\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.png"
o:title=""/>
<w:wrap type="topAndBottom" anchorx="page"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]-->
<!--[endif]--><!--[if gte vml 1]></o:wrapblock><![endif]--><br clear="ALL" />
<b><span style="font-size: 6.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .05pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-list: l7 level4 lfo10; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 109.85pt 109.9pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Le retournement des<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>œufs</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 7.85pt; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Les œufs doivent tournés régulièrement dans les
machines <b>(figure 04) </b>spécialement
durant les 8 premiers jours. Il peut être arrêté après 15 jours d’incubation,
durant cette première semaine toute erreur peut conduire à la mort des
embryons.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody><tr>
<td height="0" width="180"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td><img height="97" src="file:///C:/Users/antri03/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.jpg" v:shapes="image8.jpeg" width="515" /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .55pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><o:wrapblock><v:shape
id="image8.jpeg" o:spid="_x0000_s2056" type="#_x0000_t75" style='position:absolute;
margin-left:135.15pt;margin-top:16.3pt;width:385.95pt;height:73.1pt;
z-index:2;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square;mso-wrap-distance-left:0;
mso-wrap-distance-top:0;mso-wrap-distance-right:0;mso-wrap-distance-bottom:0;
mso-position-horizontal:absolute;mso-position-horizontal-relative:page;
mso-position-vertical:absolute;mso-position-vertical-relative:text'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\antri03\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.jpg"
o:title=""/>
<w:wrap type="topAndBottom" anchorx="page"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]-->
<!--[endif]--><!--[if gte vml 1]></o:wrapblock><![endif]--><br clear="ALL" />
</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 20.75pt; margin-right: 23.45pt; margin-top: 11.15pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Figure 04: </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Le retournement des œufs <b>(Wageningen
et al., 2000)</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .15pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 36.5pt;">Le retournement est une étape
très importante pour obtenir un taux d’éclosion élevée</p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.2pt;">(Tableau 02) (Velthuis et al., 2008).</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .05pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 5.1pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Tableau 02 : </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Effet du retournement sur le
taux d’éclosion <b>(Velthuis et al., 2008).<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody><tr>
<td height="0" width="149"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td><img height="103" src="file:///C:/Users/antri03/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image006.jpg" v:shapes="image9.png" width="513" /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table><p class="MsoBodyText"><!--[if gte vml 1]><o:wrapblock><v:shape id="image9.png"
o:spid="_x0000_s2055" type="#_x0000_t75" style='position:absolute;
margin-left:111.9pt;margin-top:10pt;width:384.8pt;height:77.25pt;z-index:3;
visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square;mso-wrap-distance-left:0;
mso-wrap-distance-top:0;mso-wrap-distance-right:0;mso-wrap-distance-bottom:0;
mso-position-horizontal:absolute;mso-position-horizontal-relative:page;
mso-position-vertical:absolute;mso-position-vertical-relative:text'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\antri03\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image005.png"
o:title=""/>
<w:wrap type="topAndBottom" anchorx="page"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]-->
<!--[endif]--><!--[if gte vml 1]></o:wrapblock><![endif]--><br clear="ALL" />
<b><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section4">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .35pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 5.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 106.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-list: l7 level4 lfo10; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 106.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -45.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>L’humidité</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 7.55pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">La coquille des œufs est poreuse et les œufs perdent
de l'eau par évaporation. Cette perte doit être empêchée en plaçant les œufs
dans un milieu saturé d'humidité afin que l'éclosion soit faite dans de
meilleures conditions. L'humidité assure le bon développement de l’embryon. Les
humidificateurs des couveuses sont très variés dont le plus simple reste le bac
à eau, généralement placé sous les œufs <b>(L'Amoulen,
1988; Sauveur, 1988; Eekeren et al., 2006). </b>L’humidité de l’incubateur
influe sur l’éclosion de l’œuf et le poids du poussin, elle doit être comprise
entre 85 et 87°F (47.2°C et 48.3°C); cela peut être converti en pourcentage 58
à 60% <b>(Reijrink., 2010).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 7.95pt; margin-top: 10.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Des conséquences qui peuvent influencer dans le cas de
non respect de la norme d’humidité sont:</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 22.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 9.95pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: 22.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -7.1pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">faciliter le bêchage en rendant la coquille
plus fragile<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 151%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 19.25pt; margin-right: 7.85pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: 22.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -3.85pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 151%;">-</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 151%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">humidité insuffisante ou excessive entraine une baisse du
taux d'éclosion (<b>L'Amoulen, 1988;
Sauveur, 1988; Eekeren et al., 2006)<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 22.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 9.4pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: 22.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -7.1pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Membranes coquillières plus sèches et collent
à l’embryon ;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 22.1pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: 22.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -7.1pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Poussin moins vigoureux <b>(Reijrink.,<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>2010)</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 8.1pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 31.3pt;">L'humidité dans la couveuse se mesure à l'aide d'un
appareil appelé hygromètre. Elle peut aussi se mesurer par mirage ou par pesée.
Un œuf perd en moyenne 12 à 14% de poids durant l'incubation <b>(Sauveur, 1988 ; Wageningen et al.,<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>1998).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 103.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 10.3pt; mso-list: l7 level4 lfo10; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 103.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>La<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>Ventilation</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 7.95pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">La ventilation apporte de l’oxygène à l’embryon et
élimine le dioxyde de carbone excédentaire <b>(Wageningen
et al., 1998). </b>Il est important de fournir assez d’oxygène à l’embryon dans
les incubateurs selon les normes, est de 21 % d’oxygène et 0.3% gaz carbonique <b>(Velthuis et al.,<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>2008).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.75pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 10.2pt; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo12; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 54.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.4pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Le<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>transfert</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 7.95pt; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Le transfert est une opération qui consiste à faire
passer les œufs de la salle d’incubation à la salle<span style="letter-spacing: 2.55pt;"> </span>d’éclosion<span style="letter-spacing: 2.55pt;"> </span>au cours
du<span style="letter-spacing: 2.55pt;"> </span>18ème jour d’incubation.<span style="letter-spacing: 2.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">Il</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.45pt;"> </span>pourra être</p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section5">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .15pt;"><span style="font-size: 5.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 7.7pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify;">manuel ou automatique mais, dans tous les cas, une attention particulière
devra être portée à la rapidité de l’opération, à la manipulation des plateaux
d’incubation et paniers d’éclosion. La température du cette salle est 25°C avec
une humidité relative du 50-55%. Un mirage pourra être effectué pendant le
transfert et les œufs « clairs » (infertiles et embryons morts très
précocement) pourront être retirés <b>(Meijerhof.,<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>2009).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 57.75pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 10.25pt; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo12; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 57.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.4pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Le mirage des<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>OAC</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .45pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 7.75pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Selon <b>Wageningen
et al., (1998</b>) le mirage est une opération qui consiste à éclairer
l'intérieur de l'œuf à l'aide d'un appareil appelé mireuse ou mire-œuf doté
d'une source lumineuse, il permet de détecter les œufs clairs, les embryons
morts et de voir si le développement du poussin dans l'œuf se déroule
normalement<b>. </b>Habituellement deux
mirages sont pratiqués; le premier est effectué au 7ème ou 9ème jour
d'incubation et permet de retirer les œufs non fécondés et le second a lieu au
18ème jour d'incubation. Ce dernier permet de retirer les œufs à embryons<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>morts<b>.<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 10.05pt; text-align: justify;">La <b>figure 05 </b>montre les différents
résultats d’un mirage des œufs ;</p>
<table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody><tr>
<td height="0" width="113"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td><img height="276" src="file:///C:/Users/antri03/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image008.jpg" v:shapes="image10.jpeg" width="592" /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .4pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><o:wrapblock><v:shape
id="image10.jpeg" o:spid="_x0000_s2054" type="#_x0000_t75" style='position:absolute;
margin-left:85.1pt;margin-top:17.3pt;width:443.9pt;height:207pt;z-index:4;
visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square;mso-wrap-distance-left:0;
mso-wrap-distance-top:0;mso-wrap-distance-right:0;mso-wrap-distance-bottom:0;
mso-position-horizontal:absolute;mso-position-horizontal-relative:page;
mso-position-vertical:absolute;mso-position-vertical-relative:text'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\antri03\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image007.jpg"
o:title=""/>
<w:wrap type="topAndBottom" anchorx="page"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]-->
<!--[endif]--><!--[if gte vml 1]></o:wrapblock><![endif]--><br clear="ALL" />
<span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .1pt;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 20.6pt; margin-right: 23.45pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Figure 05 : </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Résultats du mirage <b>(Haddadi et
Hadj-Ali., 2017).<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 7.9pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">On peut également observer le bon développement de la
chambre à air les 7ème, 14éme et 19ème jours d'incubation <b>(Figure 6) </b>et éliminer les œufs contenant des embryons morts en
cours d'incubation. Le mirage doit être fait avec précaution car il est
responsable de 1 à 3% de mortalité embryonnaire.</p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section6">
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .3pt;"><span style="font-size: 6.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 125.9pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="image11.jpeg" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:3in;
height:187.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\antri03\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image009.jpg"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="250" src="file:///C:/Users/antri03/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image010.jpg" v:shapes="image11.jpeg" width="288" /><!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .1pt;"><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 20.65pt; margin-right: 23.45pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: center;"><b>Figure 06 : </b>Taille correcte de la
chambre à air à différents stades d’incubation</p>
<p align="center" class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 20.8pt; margin-right: 23.4pt; margin-top: 7.2pt; text-align: center;">(Wageningen
et al., 2000).</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .1pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 60.4pt; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo12; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 60.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">L’éclosion<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 7.85pt; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Trois jours avant l’éclosion, les œufs sont transférés
dans les éclosoirs: machines spécialisés dans l’éclosion. Pendant le transfert.
Puis les œufs sont mis dans les plateaux d’éclosoir où les poussins pourront
sortir <b>(Meijerhof., 2009).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 7.65pt; margin-top: 10.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">L'éclosion intervient au 21eme jour d'incubation. <span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">Il </span>faut au poussin douze heures pour briser la coquille et se libérer <b>(L'Amoulen, 1988). </b>A la sortie, le
poussin emmène avec lui, l'enveloppe contenant le jaune, ce qui constitue une
réserve alimentaire supplémentaire pour sa première semaine de vie hors de la
coquille. <b>(Sauveur,<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>1988).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 57.75pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 10.2pt; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo12; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 57.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -24.4pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Hygiène des œufs à<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>couver</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 9.7pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: 28.3pt;">La litière des nids doit être maintenue propre et sèche 1 g de litière de
nids peut porter 600 000 000 micro-organismes <b>(Butcher et Nilipour,<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>2002).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 10.1pt; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Le magasin, les salles de désinfection et de stockage des œufs à couver
et le sas sanitaire seront maintenus propres et non poussiéreux.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 9.7pt; margin-top: 9.95pt; text-indent: 28.3pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Les
œufs sales, déformés, blancs ou fêlés sont éliminés <b>(Duncan et Mazzocco, 1998).<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section7">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .15pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 5.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 7.65pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Le lavage et la désinfection des chariots de
transport, de casiers d’œufs, des alvéoles en plastique sont rigoureusement effectués
avant le départ du couvoir pour éviter tout risque de contamination d’un
élevage à l’autre lors des retours de matériel dans les élevages. Les alvéoles
en carton sont neuves non recyclées <b>(Goater,
1988 ; Sauveur et Revier,<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>1988).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 7.75pt; margin-top: 10.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">A leur arrivée, les œufs à couver seront transférés
dans un sas d’entrée où ils subissent une formolisation (40 ml de formol + 20 g
de permanganates de potassium en atmosphère humide et à 25°C). Ils seront
ensuite stockés dans une salle à 15 / 18 °C <b>(Goater, 1988 ; Sarakbi, 2001).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 19.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 9.7pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: 19.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Hygiène du<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>personnel</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 33.4pt;">Pour le personnel et pour
éviter les contaminations on doit :</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 19.25pt; margin-right: 8.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: 19.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -7.1pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Prévoir un registre pour
pouvoir contrôler les mouvements du personnel, des visiteurs et des véhicules<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 19.25pt; margin-right: 7.8pt; margin-top: 9.95pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: 19.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -7.1pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Les personnes entrant dans
une exploitation sont impérativement soumises à une désinfection et doivent
porter des bottes nettoyées et désinfectées et des tenues propres à
l’exploitation après avoir enlever leurs vêtements<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 19.25pt; margin-right: 7.8pt; margin-top: 10.05pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: 19.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -7.1pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Lavage et désinfection des
mains et des bottes avant et après l’entrée dans un bâtiment d’élevage <b>(Yagani, Nilipour et Butcher, 2004 ; Ford,<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>1995).<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section8">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .45pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 25.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.45pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: 25.3pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><a name="chapitre-2-fnl_et_coorigé"></a><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Infections transmises par<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>l’œuf<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.75pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Le couvoir est un milieu idéal, très favorable au
développement et à la multiplication des germes microbiens (champignons,
bactéries, virus..), car toutes les conditions propices y sont présentes :
température (12 à 38°C), humidité (55 à 100%), les œufs, les poussins, les
coquilles, les déchets, les poussières, les alvéoles à œufs, boites et caisse à
poussins, le personnel et les machines.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.7pt; margin-top: 10.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">En effet, la qualité du poussin dépendra des
conditions sanitaires de l’élevage et surtout de l’hygiène du couvoir. Ainsi,
il est indispensable que le couvoir soit bien conçu et que l’on applique les
mesures strictes d’hygiène.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.85pt; margin-top: 10.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;"><b>Sauveur, (1988)
</b>rapporte qu’on distingue usuellement deux voies de contamination de l’œuf
dites respectivement «verticale » et « horizontale ».</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.55pt; margin-top: 9.95pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Dans la contamination verticale, comme l’indique la <b>figure 07, </b>l’infection est transmise
directement de la reproductrice à l’embryon ;</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody><tr>
<td height="0" width="297"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td><img height="129" src="file:///C:/Users/antri03/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image011.jpg" v:shapes="image12.jpeg" width="256" /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table><p class="MsoBodyText"><!--[if gte vml 1]><o:wrapblock><v:shape id="image12.jpeg"
o:spid="_x0000_s2053" type="#_x0000_t75" style='position:absolute;
margin-left:223.1pt;margin-top:10.6pt;width:192pt;height:96.75pt;z-index:5;
visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square;mso-wrap-distance-left:0;
mso-wrap-distance-top:0;mso-wrap-distance-right:0;mso-wrap-distance-bottom:0;
mso-position-horizontal:absolute;mso-position-horizontal-relative:page;
mso-position-vertical:absolute;mso-position-vertical-relative:text'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\antri03\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image011.jpg"
o:title=""/>
<w:wrap type="topAndBottom" anchorx="page"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]-->
<!--[endif]--><!--[if gte vml 1]></o:wrapblock><![endif]--><br clear="ALL" />
<span style="font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .3pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 62.1pt; margin-right: 57.0pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Figure 07 : </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">La transmission verticale.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.75pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Les maladies peuvent se transmettre verticalement,
lorsqu’une bactérie comme la salmonelle ou le mycoplasme, ou un virus comme la
grippe aviaire, passe déjà dans l’oviducte de la poule qui pond l’œuf, en
d’autres termes, l’embryon en développement sera déjà infecté pendant sa
croissance.</p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section9">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.55pt; margin-top: 4.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">La contamination « horizontale » commence dès le dépôt
de germes pathogènes sur la coquille lorsque l’œuf franchit le cloaque de la
poule ; elle peut se poursuivre d’un œuf à l’autre (dans les nids, les alvéoles
ou en incubateur) ou d’un poussin à l’autre (en éclosoir ou dans les boites
après éclosion). Les germes transmis horizontalement au poussin peuvent donc provenir du tube digestif ou de
l’oviducte des reproductrices, des litières, de l’atmosphère, du personnel ou
du matériel du couvoir <b>figure<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>08.<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody><tr>
<td height="0" width="233"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td><img height="187" src="file:///C:/Users/antri03/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image013.jpg" v:shapes="image13.jpeg" width="369" /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .05pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><o:wrapblock><v:shape
id="image13.jpeg" o:spid="_x0000_s2052" type="#_x0000_t75" style='position:absolute;
margin-left:175.1pt;margin-top:11.8pt;width:276.5pt;height:139.95pt;
z-index:6;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square;mso-wrap-distance-left:0;
mso-wrap-distance-top:0;mso-wrap-distance-right:0;mso-wrap-distance-bottom:0;
mso-position-horizontal:absolute;mso-position-horizontal-relative:page;
mso-position-vertical:absolute;mso-position-vertical-relative:text'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\antri03\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image012.jpg"
o:title=""/>
<w:wrap type="topAndBottom" anchorx="page"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]-->
<!--[endif]--><!--[if gte vml 1]></o:wrapblock><![endif]--><br clear="ALL" />
<b><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .3pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 62.3pt; margin-right: 57.0pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Figure 08 : </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">La transmission horizontale.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .45pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="mso-list: l10 level2 lfo7; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 60.45pt; text-indent: -21.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Lutte contre la transmission
verticale</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.9pt; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Deux méthodes sont envisageables selon le nombre d’œufs à
traiter <b>(Sauveur et Revier, 1988);<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-top: 9.9pt; mso-list: l10 level3 lfo7; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 83.7pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span dir="LTR"></span>Méthode par<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>injection</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.9pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Une solution de 1.5 à 2 mg de Tylosine dans 0.1 ml
d’eau distillée est injectée dans la chambre à air de l’œuf. Les œufs
embryonnés peuvent être traités entre 8 et 11 jours d’incubation. La
perforation est bouchée par de la paraffine en fusion à 60°C.</p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section10">
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-top: 4.35pt; mso-list: l10 level3 lfo7; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 83.7pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span dir="LTR"></span>La méthode de<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>lavage-trempage</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 39.4pt;">La machine à laver comporte
quatre compartiments :</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .1pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 23.1pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: 23.15pt; text-indent: -12.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.15pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Poste de
lavage : </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">les
précautions à respecter sont les suivantes<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 6.3pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo6; tab-stops: 45.3pt; text-indent: 23.95pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">*<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">La température de l’eau doit être supérieure d’au moins 15°c
à celle de l’œuf (si non l’eau pénètre dans l’œuf) mais toujours inférieure à<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>55°C.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 6.05pt; margin-top: 10.1pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo6; tab-stops: 45.05pt; text-indent: 23.95pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">*<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Cette température doit croître à chaque étape du lavage pour
éviter une aspiration des germes pathogènes situés sur la coquille ainsi<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 46.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 10.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: 46.45pt 46.5pt; text-indent: -17.45pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">La
température de lavage est de<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>37.8°c.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 46.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.85pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: 46.45pt 46.5pt; text-indent: -17.45pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">La
température de rinçage est de<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>43.3°c.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 46.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.95pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: 46.45pt 46.5pt; text-indent: -17.45pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">La
température de désinfection est<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>intermédiaire.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.95pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: 45.3pt; text-indent: 23.95pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">*<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Aucun savon ni détergent ne doit être ajouté aux
désinfectants chlorés et tout produit acide doit être écarté.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 44.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 9.95pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: 44.1pt; text-indent: -9.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">*<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Seule
de l’eau propre, contenant moins de 3 mg / litre de fer doit être<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>utilisée.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 23.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: 23.85pt; text-indent: -12.75pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.15pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Poste de
désinfection : </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">deux séries de produits peuvent être utilisés<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .2pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 6.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo6; tab-stops: 46.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.95pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">*<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Les produits chlorés : les composés les plus stables sont le
Dichlorocyanurate et le dichlorodiméthylhydantoïne employés aux doses
respectives de 0.35 et 0.70g / litre ou 1.8g / litre. On peut même utiliser 1.8
g d’hypochlorite de sodium ou de<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>calcium.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.9pt; margin-top: 9.95pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo6; tab-stops: 46.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.95pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">*<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Les ammoniums quaternaires : peuvent être associés à certains
détergents (pas les neutres) mais jamais aux savons. Les plus utilisés sont les
dérivés chlorés de triméthylammonium ou d’alkyldiméthyl-benzylammonium aux
doses de 1.25 à 200 ppm pour le lavage et 125 à 150 ppm pour le<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>rinçage.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 22.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 10.35pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: 22.4pt; text-indent: -11.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Poste de<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>rinçage.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .2pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 23.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: 23.85pt; text-indent: -12.75pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.15pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">d.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Poste de<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>séchage.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section11">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.95pt; margin-top: 4.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Le trempage a pour but de faire pénétrer un
antibiotique à l’intérieur de l’œuf (tartrate de tylosine en solution à 2.5% :
100g de produit pour 40 litres d’eau distillée). Cette pénétration peut être
réalisée par :</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.8pt; margin-top: 10.0pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo6; tab-stops: 47.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.95pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">*<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Différence de température : les œufs chauds trempés dans une
solution froide se contractent et aspirent à travers les pores de la coquille ;
ce procédé est simple mais donne des résultats irréguliers et imprécis.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.65pt; margin-top: 9.95pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo6; tab-stops: 44.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 23.95pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">*<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Différence de pression (DPDD : Direct Pressure Difference
Dipping) : créer pendant 5 mn au-dessous de la solution où baignent les œufs,
une dépression qui provoque un léger dégazage des œufs ; lorsque la dépression
cesse, le volume d’air rejeté préalablement par les œufs est remplacé en 10 mn
par le même volume de liquide. Le maximum de liquide aspiré par l ‘œuf est de
0.8ml / œuf avec une dépression de 0.4 atmosphère. L’œuf devant absorber 1mg de
Tylosine (solution à 20.5g /<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>litre).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-top: 10.35pt; mso-list: l10 level2 lfo7; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 60.45pt; text-indent: -21.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Lutte contre la transmission
horizontale</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .45pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.8pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Dont le but est de réduire le nombre de bactéries
présentes à la surface de la coquille. Les œufs doivent être désinfectés le
plutôt possible après leur ponte. Ainsi <b>Cox
et Beiley </b>dans une étude réalisée en <b>1991</b>,
ont montré que plus la désinfection des œufs à couver est réalisée précocement,
plus le taux de réduction du nombre de germes contaminants les milieux
intérieurs des œufs est important <b>(tableau<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>3).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 6.05pt; margin-top: 10.05pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Tableau 3 : </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Taux de
réduction de la contamination des coquilles en fonction du moment de la
désinfection <b>(Cox et Bailey,<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>1991a)<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody><tr>
<td height="0" width="116"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td><img height="81" src="file:///C:/Users/antri03/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image015.jpg" v:shapes="image14.png" width="564" /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .15pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><o:wrapblock><v:shape
id="image14.png" o:spid="_x0000_s2051" type="#_x0000_t75" style='position:absolute;
margin-left:86.6pt;margin-top:14.2pt;width:423.3pt;height:60.75pt;z-index:7;
visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square;mso-wrap-distance-left:0;
mso-wrap-distance-top:0;mso-wrap-distance-right:0;mso-wrap-distance-bottom:0;
mso-position-horizontal:absolute;mso-position-horizontal-relative:page;
mso-position-vertical:absolute;mso-position-vertical-relative:text'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\antri03\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image014.png"
o:title=""/>
<w:wrap type="topAndBottom" anchorx="page"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]-->
<!--[endif]--><!--[if gte vml 1]></o:wrapblock><![endif]--><br clear="ALL" />
<b><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .35pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.75pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Dans une autre étude ces mêmes auteurs ont trouvé que
l’immersion des œufs à couver dans une solution désinfectante est plus
intéressante dans la réduction du nombre de contaminants que la pulvérisation,
plus intéressante à son tour que l’application des désinfectants sous forme de<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>mousse<b>.<o:p></o:p></b></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section12">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.7pt; margin-top: 4.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Les produits utilisés pour la désinfection des œufs
doivent obéir à certains impératifs dont les plus importants sont le non
affectation du taux d’éclosion et l’absence d’effet sur la déperdition de
l’humidité des œufs. Ainsi <b>Scott, et al
(1993</b>) ont conclu dans une étude que
les produits à base d’EDTA (Ethylene diamine tetra acetic Acid-Tris)
entraînent une diminution de l’éclosabilité de 11 à 26 % et une perte
d’humidité durant l’incubation de 16 à 19 %. Les peroxydes quand à eux,
augmentent la déperdition d’humidité, mais n’affectent pas l’éclosabilité.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.65pt; margin-top: 10.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">L’association entre l’EDTA et le Biosentry904 (qui est
un détergent à base d’ammoniums quaternaires) a des effets synergiques par fois
antagonistes et indifférents sur la réduction de la contamination des coquilles
et elle est sans action sur le taux d’éclosabilité <b>(Walkera et Sanderbc, 2004 ; Walker et all, 2002).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.75pt; margin-top: 9.4pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">La combinaison entre le glutaraldéhyde et l’EDTA a des
effets antagonistes. En effets l’EDTA diminue l’efficacité des désinfectants
utilisés aux unités de couvaison de 75 %, mais il n’est pas toxique pour
l’embryon de 12 jours et n’entraîne pas de résistance s’il est utilisé aux
doses<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>recommandées.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.95pt; margin-top: 10.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">La pulvérisation sur les œufs (au 14e jour d’incubation)
de deux solutions à base d’ammoniums quaternaires titrée à 1.5 % et 3 % chacune
pendant 30 mn conduit respectivement à une réduction de 98.1% et 99.9 % de la
flore aérobie totale sur la surface des coquilles. Les champignons et les
levures s’en trouvent réduits de 3 %.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.65pt; margin-top: 10.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">La fumigation des œufs par le formol doit être
pratiquée le plus tôt possible après la ponte et peut être répétée en
incubateur entre le 4eme et le 18eme jour. Elle n’est pas recommandée
généralement en éclosoir. Elle peut être poursuivie par traitement des œufs à
couver avec des rayons ultraviolets (UV) de 254 nm de longueur d’onde et une
filtration de l’air alimentant les incubateurs.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.7pt; margin-top: 10.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">L’exposition en pré-incubation des œufs aux UV (de 254
nm) pendant 1, 3, 5 minutes, était moins efficace en matière de contrôle de la
contamination des coquilles que leur immersion dans une solution de formol à 1
% pendant 1, 5, 10 mn. Les UV ne produisent pas une importante perte d’humidité
des œufs et n’affectent pas leur éclosabilité <b>(Scott, 1993 ; Coufal, Chavez et Cary, 2003).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section13">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.9pt; margin-top: 4.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Selon <b>Bailey et
all (1996), </b>l’utilisation du peroxyde d’hydrogène en solution à 2.5 %
permet une désinfection meilleure que celle à l’ozone ou aux UV. C’est le seul
désinfectant capable de réduire significativement le nombre de salmonelles sur
les coquilles.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.5pt; margin-top: 10.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">La lutte contre la transmission horizontale implique
une réflexion approfondie lors de la conception des bâtiments d’élevage des
reproducteurs et du couvoir. <b>(Sauveur et
Revier, 1988).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-top: 9.75pt; mso-list: l10 level2 lfo7; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 60.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Microbisme de la<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>coquille</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .05pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.85pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">La présence des microorganismes sur les coquilles d'œufs, <b>(Cook et al., 2003), </b>est presque de 96%
des œufs pondus en possèdent sur leur surface. C'est aussi un facteur impliqué
dans la diminution de la viabilité des œufs par passage tans-coquillère à la
faveur des conditions d'ambiance, température et humidité <b>(Bruce et Drysdale, 1994 ; Stoleson et Beissinger., 1999).<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.9pt; margin-top: 10.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">La contamination de l'œuf par des microorganismes à
partir de la coquille durant l'incubation a un effet bien démontré sur
l'augmentation du taux de mortalité embryonnaire <b>(Bruce et Drysdale., 1994).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.85pt; margin-top: 9.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">En milieu d'humidité favorable, les germes peuvent
atteindre la membrane coquillère au premier jour, pour atteindre le jaune d'œuf
après 5 jours <b>(Cook et al., 2003).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 23.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 10.2pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: 23.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -12.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Désinfection des salles et machines</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.75pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Les incubateurs et les éclosoirs sont nettoyés, dépoussiérés
à l’aide de l’eau chaude additionnée d’un détergent, puis rincés et désinfectés
suivie d’un vide sanitaire et fumigation. Les chariots, le matériel
d’intervention, et autres équipement sont nettoyés et désinfectés. Chaque jour,
les véhicules de transport (œufs, poussins personnel) doivent être
systématiquement nettoyés et désinfectés aussi bien à l’intérieur qu’à
l’extérieur sans oublier la<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>cabine.</p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section14">
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .55pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-left: 11.1pt;">-Personnel</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .45pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.6pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">La première condition à imposer aux personnels
travaillant dans le couvoir est d’être indemne de toute maladie chronique ou
aiguë. Chaque jour, le personnel du couvoir est obligé de prendre une douche à
chaque entrée et à chaque sortie. Ils doivent également porter un tenu réservé
à cet effet <b>(Reijrink, 2010).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section15">
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .05pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 23.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 23.15pt; text-indent: -12.05pt;"><a name="Chapitre-3-fnl_et_corrigé"></a><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Les Germes pathogènes dans un<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">
</span>couvoir</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .2pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top: .05pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 60.45pt; text-indent: -21.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Les<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>Salmonelles<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .55pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.9pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Les salmonelles sont placées en tête du tableau des
microorganismes pathogènes dans la filière avicole d'autant plus que ces
bactéries ont un large pouvoir de diffusion dans l'environnement <b>(Diafi ., 2010).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-top: 10.15pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 83.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -30.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Taxonomie</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .05pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.75pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Les salmonelles sont des bactéries appartenant à la famille
des Enterobacteriaceae, et au genre Salmonella. Depuis 2004, le genre
Salmonella comporte 3 espèces: <i>Salmonella
enterica</i>, <i>Salmonella bongori </i>et <i>Salmonella subterranea </i><b>(AUBRY, 2012). </b>Mais seules les deux
premières sont reconnues par l’OMS <b>(AGBAJE
et al., 2011).<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 39.4pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 9.95pt; text-align: justify;">L'espèce
principale est <i>S. enterica </i>qui
comprend elle-même six sous-espèces</p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.2pt;">(GRIMONT et al., 2007).</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 83.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -30.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Caractères<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>bactériologiques<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 106.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -39.1pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Caractères<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>morphologiques<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.65pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Les Salmonella sont des Entérobactéries mobiles, à
l’exception d’un sérovar aviaire qui est <i>Salmonella
gallinarum pullorum</i>, et également de rares mutant "paralysés"
dont les flagelles sont immobiles, et des mutants sans flagelles de sérovars
normalement mobiles <b>(Le Minor L et al,
1989).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.95pt; margin-top: 9.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Les Salmonella sont des bacilles gram négatifs
aéro-anaérobies facultatifs mesurant entre 0.6 à 0.8 nm, possédant des cils et
des flagelles, de coloration bipolaire fréquente <b>(Myllemann Y,<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>1997).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-top: 9.8pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 106.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -39.1pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Caractères<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>culturaux</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .3pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.8pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Les Salmonella sont des bactéries aérobies anaérobies
facultatifs, après 24 h d’incubation<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>à<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>37°C,<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>les<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>colonies<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;">
</span>ont<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>un<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>diamètre<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>variant<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>de<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>3-4<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>mm,<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>elles<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>sont<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>rondes<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>et<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>de</p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section16">
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .35pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.5pt;">couleur pâle.
Elles apparaissent sous forme de "S" sur un milieu solide et elles
sont isolées en petits amas, elles sont identiques à <i>E.Coli </i><b>(Le Minor L et al,
1989).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-top: 10.2pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 106.8pt; text-indent: -39.1pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Caractères<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>biochimiques</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.95pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Les salmonelles présentent les caractères généraux de
la famille des Enterobacteriaceae. Elles possèdent un nitrate réductase mais
pas d’oxydase. Elles fermentent le glucose avec ou sans production de gaz.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 6.05pt; margin-top: 10.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Au sein de la famille des Entérobacteriaceae, les
caractères permettant l’identification biochimique du genre Salmonella sont :</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 19.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 10.05pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 19.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -8.65pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">L’absence
d’uréase et de tryptophane<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>désaminase,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .05pt;"><span style="font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 19.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 19.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -8.65pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">L’absence
de production d’indole et<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>d’acétoïne,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 6.0pt; margin-top: .05pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 22.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">L’absence de fermentation du lactose, du saccharose, de
l’inositol, de l’amygdaline, de l’adonitol et du<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>2-cétogluconate,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 19.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 10.15pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 19.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -8.65pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">La </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">présence d’une<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>thiosulfate-réductase,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .1pt;"><span style="font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 19.7pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 19.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -8.65pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">La </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">décarboxylation fréquente de la lysine et de<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>l’ornithine<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .1pt;"><span style="font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 19.7pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 19.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -8.65pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">La </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">capacité fréquente de croître sur milieu au citrate de<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>Simmons.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.6pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Deux des trois espèces du genre Salmonella peuvent
être différenciées par leurs caractères biochimiques : <i>Salmonella bongori </i>ne fermente pas le sorbitol et pousse sur un
milieu contenant du KCN, contrairement à <i>Salmonella
enterica</i>.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 6.0pt; margin-top: 10.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Les six sous-espèces de <i>Salmonella
enterica </i>peuvent également être identifiées par leurs caractères
biochimiques <b>(GRIMONT et al., 2007).<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section17">
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .35pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.5pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Tableau 04 : </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Diagnostic biochimique des
Salmonella <b>(Avril JL et al, 1992).<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody><tr>
<td height="0" width="118"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td><img height="413" src="file:///C:/Users/antri03/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image017.jpg" v:shapes="image15.jpeg" width="566" /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table><p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .55pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><o:wrapblock><v:shape
id="image15.jpeg" o:spid="_x0000_s2050" type="#_x0000_t75" style='position:absolute;
margin-left:88.45pt;margin-top:8.85pt;width:424.2pt;height:310pt;z-index:8;
visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square;mso-wrap-distance-left:0;
mso-wrap-distance-top:0;mso-wrap-distance-right:0;mso-wrap-distance-bottom:0;
mso-position-horizontal:absolute;mso-position-horizontal-relative:page;
mso-position-vertical:absolute;mso-position-vertical-relative:text'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\antri03\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image016.jpg"
o:title=""/>
<w:wrap type="topAndBottom" anchorx="page"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]-->
<!--[endif]--><!--[if gte vml 1]></o:wrapblock><![endif]--><br clear="ALL" />
<b><span style="font-size: 5.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .05pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 106.8pt; text-indent: -39.1pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Caractères<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>antigéniques</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .55pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 39.4pt;">Les Salmonella peuvent posséder
trois types d'antigènes présentant un intérêt diagnostic</p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.2pt;">(Dumas, 1958).</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .15pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l3 level5 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 59.1pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Antigène somatique O (Ag<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>O)</b><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .55pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.8pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">L'antigène O est un antigène de la paroi. Les antigènes
somatiques sont constitutifs de la membrane externe de la paroi bactérienne et
sont de nature lipopolysaccharidique (L.P.S.) et représentent l'endotoxine de
la bactérie, ils sont thermostables, alcoolostables mais sensibles au formol <b>(Humbert 1998).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section18">
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .05pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-list: l3 level5 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 59.1pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>Antigène flagellaire (Ag<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>H)</b><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 6.0pt; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">C'est un polymère de flagelline (protéine de structure
des flagelles). Cet antigène est thermolabile, détruit par la chaleur à 100 °C,
par l'action de l'alcool et par les ferments protéolytiques. Il résiste au
formol et perd son agglutinabilité par les anticorps en présence d'alcool et
d'acide phénique. Son développement optimum s'obtient sur les milieux liquides
mous après un séjour de 8 heures à 37 °C <b>(Dumas,<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>1958).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 55.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 10.25pt; mso-list: l3 level5 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 55.3pt; text-indent: -44.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b>L'antigène de virulence
(Ag<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>Vi)<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 17.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.6pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">C'est un antigène de l'enveloppe et qui est considéré comme
un antigène de surface <b>(Dumas, 1958), </b>il
a été identifié chez trois types de sérovars : <i>Salmonella Typhi</i>, <i>Salmonella
Paratyphi C </i>et <i>Salmonella Dublin</i>.
L’antigène n’est cependant pas présent dans toutes les souches de ces sérovars <b>(Humbert <i>et al.</i>, 1998).<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .2pt;"><b> </b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.85pt; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Il est distinct de l'antigène somatique et de
l'antigène flagellaire. L'antigène Vi rend les germes inagglutinables par les
anticorps O quand il est abondant. Il ne se développe pas si les cultures sont
effectuées au-dessous de 25°C et au-dessus de 40°C. Un chauffage à 100°C le
détruit et les germes deviennent agglutinables par les anticorps O. Il est de
nature glucidolipidopolypeptidique <b>(Gledel
and Corbion, 1991).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .4pt;"><b> </b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-top: .05pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 83.7pt; text-indent: -30.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Le pouvoir<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>pathogène</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 17.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.75pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">La contamination de l’œuf à couver par les salmonelles
peut provoquer la mortalité embryonnaire avant le 3éme jours ,7éme jours au
17éme jours d’incubation, ou provoquer une mal transformation des embryons en
poussins et encore l’éclatement de l’œuf.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .2pt;"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 6.05pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">La contamination du couvoir en particulier pendant
l’éclosion peut donner un embryon nain. Donc la contamination de l’OAC ou le
couvoir par les salmonelles peut influencer le taux d’éclosion <b>(Wilson.,<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">
</span>2004).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section19">
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .05pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 83.7pt; text-indent: -30.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Aspect<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>clinique</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 17.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 25.25pt;">Pour toutes les espèces
aviaires, la salmonellose se présente :</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .15pt;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 47.05pt; margin-right: 6.0pt; margin-top: .05pt; mso-list: l3 level6 lfo2; tab-stops: 46.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Soit sous forme de salmonellose infection se traduisant par
un simple portage de la bactérie par des animaux apparemment sains mais
excréteurs permanents ou épisodiques sans symptômes ni lésions <b>(Dinh Nam Lam et al,<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>2000).<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 47.05pt; margin-right: 5.85pt; margin-top: .05pt; mso-list: l3 level6 lfo2; tab-stops: 46.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Soit sous forme de salmonellose maladie, qui est le plus
souvent une maladie périnatale<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .15pt;"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 54.25pt; mso-list: l3 level7 lfo2; tab-stops: 54.3pt; text-indent: -7.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Mortalité des poussins avant ou après<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>bêchage.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .15pt;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; mso-list: l3 level7 lfo2; tab-stops: 54.3pt; text-indent: -7.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Mortalité dans les jours qui suivent
l’éclosion.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.4pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; mso-list: l3 level7 lfo2; tab-stops: 54.45pt; text-indent: -7.4pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">•<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">L’ampleur
de la mortalité est modulée par les conditions d’élevage <b>(Guérin.,<span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;"> </span>2011).<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .4pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 83.7pt; text-indent: -30.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Diagnostic</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .55pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 17.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 39.4pt;">Le diagnostic de certitude se
fait au laboratoire :</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .15pt;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.7pt; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Dans un contexte de dépistage : la recherche de
salmonelles dans les litières et dans l’environnement au sens large
(poussières, abords ….), ou dans les fonds de boites ayant servi à transporter
les animaux, permet après des méthodes d’enrichissement de déterminer le
portage salmonellique dans un élevage.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .2pt;"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.7pt; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Le froid, et surtout la congélation, peuvent réduire
la population salmonellique de quelques logs. Il faut le savoir lors d’envoi de
prélèvement en laboratoire afin que soient mises en place des méthodes
d’enrichissement adaptées pour réactiver les salmonelles <b>(Guérin., 2011).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section20">
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .05pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 60.45pt; text-indent: -21.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Les<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>colibacilles</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 17.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.8pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Les colibacilles considérés comme bactéries pathogènes
secondaires « agents de surinfection» <b>(Nakamura
et al., 1992).<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><b> </b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.65pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">La fréquence des infections bactériennes à <i>Escherichia coli </i>place cette pathologie
en tête de liste des pathologies dominantes en élevage avicole, essentiellement
celui du poulet de chair <b>(Zahraei-Salehi
et al.,<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>2006).<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .45pt;"><b> </b></p>
<p class="Heading6" style="mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 83.7pt; text-indent: -30.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Escherichia<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>coli</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><b><i><span style="font-size: 17.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.95pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;"><i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Escherichia
coli </span></i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">est une bactérie à coloration Gram négatif, asporulée, de 2,5
microns de long sur 0,6 micron de large, le plus souvent mobile <b>(Guérin et al., 2011).<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><b> </b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.7pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 12.1pt;"><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">Les </span><i>Escherichia coli </i>sont très facilement
véhiculées par la poussière qui constitue une source importante de
contamination en élevage <b>(Oyetunde,
1978). </b><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">Il </span>a été démontré que la
poussière présente dans les couvoirs pouvaient contenir jusqu’à 106
colibacilles par gramme <b>(Gross,<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>1994).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .4pt;"><b> </b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 83.7pt; text-indent: -30.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Pathologies<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>rencontrées</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 17.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.65pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">La contamination de l’œuf et plus précisément de la
membrane vitelline, se fait essentiellement lors de la ponte, au passage de
celui-ci par le cloaque. Les bactéries alors présentes dans les matières
fécales de la poule viennent se déposer à la surface de l’œuf. Ensuite, celles-ci
pénètrent à travers les membranes coquillières et vont contaminer la membrane
vitelline <b>(Gross, 1994). </b>De 0,5 à 6
% des œufs sont contaminés par E. coli <b>(Jordan
et Pattisson, 1996 ; DhoMoulin et Fairbrother, 1999).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .3pt;"><b> </b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.75pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Les mortalités embryonnaires sont constatées un peu
avant l’éclosion : les œufs contaminés présentent une coquille de moindre
qualité ; sont plus chauds et leur surface est mouillée. Les mortalités se
poursuivent encore après l’éclosion et ce, pendant une période de 3 semaines <b>(Jordan et Pattisson, 1996).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section21">
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .05pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 83.7pt; margin-right: 323.6pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 60.45pt; text-indent: -60.45pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Les<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>mycoplasmes</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 17.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.75pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Les mycoplasmes sont de taille très réduite (0,15 µm à
0,8 µm) <b>(KLEVEN, 2008). L</b>a plupart
des mycoplasmes soient immobiles et ne possèdent aucun flagelle, un certain
nombre d’entre eux montrent un mouvement de glissement sur les surfaces <b>(Zanella et al., 1998). </b>Elles sont des
bactéries anaérobies facultatives <b>(Ben
abdelmoumen, 1996).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><b> </b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.7pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">En pathologie aviaire, la maladie respiratoire chronique de
la poule (M.R.C), est de même que la synovite infectieuse ou la sinusite de la
dinde due respectivement à <i>Mycoplasma
gallisepticum</i>, <i>Mycoplasma synoviae </i>et
<i>Mycoplasma meleagridis </i>sont connues
depuis bien longtemps <b>(KLEVEN, 2008).<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .15pt;"><b> </b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.65pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">L’infection de l’œuf se traduit par des baisses de la
qualité de la coquille et de l’éclosabilité. La dissémination des mycoplasmes
se fait verticalement par l’œuf suite à la contamination de l’oviducte «<i>M. meleagridis </i>et <i>M. iowae</i>» ou par contigüité de l’oviducte aux sacs aériens
contaminés « <i>M. gallisepticum </i>et <i>M. synoviae </i>» <b>(Mac Owan et al., 1984 et Kempf, 1997) </b>et horizontalement par voie
respiratoire et/ou conjonctivale lors du contact direct entre les animaux ou
indirectement par le biais des différents supports contaminés <b>(Lee et al., 2008).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .45pt;"><b> </b></p>
<p align="right" class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 23.1pt; margin-right: 319.15pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 23.15pt; text-align: right; text-indent: -23.15pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-font-width: 99%;">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Les germes<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>opportunistes</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 60.45pt; text-indent: -21.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Les<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>staphylococcies<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 83.7pt; text-indent: -30.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Taxonomie<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.75pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Les staphylocoques ont été découverts par Pasteur et
Koch en 1877-1878 à partir du pus de furoncle et d’ostéomyélite <b>(Avril et al., 1992; Corne, 2004) </b>. Du
point de vue taxonomique, le genre Staphylococcus appartient au phylum des
Firmicutes, à la classe des Bacilli et à l’ordre des Bacillal. En plus de
Staphylococcus sp, la famille bactérienne des Staphylococcaceae comprend quatre
autres genres en moins connus, Gamella, Jeotgalicoccus, Micrococcus,
Salinicoccus <b>(Pellerin et al., 2010).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section22">
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .05pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 83.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -30.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Caractères<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>bactériologique</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.85pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Ce sont des cocci Gram positif d'environ 0,5 à 1 µm de
diamètre, apparaissant au microscope sous la forme diplocoques et en courtes
chaînettes ou grappes ressemblant à des raisins en raison de trois planaires
incomplets divisions <b>(Delarras, 2014).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.7pt; margin-top: 10.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Cette bactérie immobile, non productrice des spores
mais résistante et parfois encapsulés <b>(Rebiahi,
2012).</b>En produisent des colonies dorées jaune pigmentées <b>(Delarras,2014</b>). Il est maintenant
établit que <i>S. aureus </i>est une
bactérie aéro-anaérobie facultative qui produit une catalase et une coagulasse,
et qui peut tolérer une activité en eau très réduite <b>(Alioua, 2015).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-top: 10.25pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 83.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -30.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Pouvoir<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>pathogène</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .2pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 46.5pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 46.45pt 46.5pt; text-indent: -17.45pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Caractères<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>généraux<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 39.4pt;">Germe pyogène par excellence, <i>S.aureus </i>est le microbe de la
suppuration.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .1pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.9pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Certaines souches agissent aussi par libération d’une
ou de plusieurs toxines (intoxication alimentaire, syndrome de choc toxine,<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>impétigo).</p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 46.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 10.35pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 46.45pt 46.5pt; text-indent: -17.45pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Infections<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>staphylococciques</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.65pt; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;"><i>Staphylococcus
aureus </i>vit normalement sur la peau et dans les cavités nasales au niveau
des premières voies respiratoires et des sinus chez la plupart des volailles
soumises à un élevage intensif. <span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">Il </span>envahit
les tissus à la suite d’une blessure ou d’une plaie contuse (ou à l’éclosion au
niveau de l’ombilic) ou lors d’une maladie immunodépressive (en particulier
dans le cas de la dermatite gangreneuse). Seules les souches de
coagulasse-positives sont considérées comme étant pathogènes <b>(Rechidi-Sidhoum et Brugère-Picoux,<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>1992).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-top: 10.2pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 83.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -30.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Les<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>symptômes</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.75pt; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">La staphylococcie est une maladie septicémique
courante chez les volailles, affectant surtout les dindes et les poulets de
chair, due à la bactérie <i>Staphylococcus
aureus </i><b>(Shivaprasad, 2016). </b>Les
symptômes de la staphylococcie chez les volailles dépendent de la localisation
de l’infection. Selon l’importance de l’infection et l’organe affecté, les
aspects</p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .35pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 5.7pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify;">cliniques sont variés. Ils peuvent être non spécifiques comme des plumes
ébouriffées, une pâleur de la peau, une apathie ou de la faiblesse, des
symptômes respiratoires, une mort subite, une boiterie touchant une ou deux
pattes, des ailes tombantes ou une augmentation de la mortalité <b>(Shivaprasad, 2016).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 62.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 10.35pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 62.1pt; text-indent: -22.7pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><i><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></i></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b><i><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Pseudomonas<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>aeruginosa<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .4pt;"><b><i><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 39.4pt;">Les bactéries du genre
Pseudomonas appartiennent à la famille des Pseudomonadaceae</p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; text-align: justify;">(Meghdas I et al.,
2003).<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">P.
aeruginosa </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">est un
bacille fin sous forme de bâtonnet de 1 à 5 μm de longueur et 0,5 à 1 μm de
largeur <b>(Chaker H ., 2012). </b>C’est
une bactérie à Gram-, mobile grâce à un flagelle polaire généralement unique,
dépourvu de spores et de capsules <b>(Hafiane
A. et Ravaoarinoro M., </b></span>earnbtc4freehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03514123550786668019noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3094162968095839258.post-35822504221776756672021-11-13T14:51:00.001-08:002021-11-13T14:51:30.088-08:00MÉMOIRE de Master<p style="text-align: center;"> </p><div class="Section1">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.85pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">L’aviculture joue un rôle très important dans le
développement de nombreuses nations tant pour des raisons nutritionnelles
qu’économiques <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Ndiaye, 2002).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.7pt; margin-top: 10.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">En Algérie, la filière avicole a connu depuis 1980 un
développement notable, soutenu par une politique incitative. <span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">La </span>mise en œuvre de cette politique a été
confiée dès 1970 à l’Office National des Aliments du Bétail et, depuis 1980,
aux offices régionaux avicoles du centre, de l’ouest et de l’est issus de la
restructuration de ce dernier (ONAB, ORAC, ORAVIO,<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>ORAVIE).</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.9pt; margin-top: 9.95pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Durant la décennie (1980 – 1990), le nombre d'élevages
avicoles en Algérie a enregistré un accroissement, à la faveur des politiques
avicoles initiées par l'état et, particulièrement favorables au capital privé.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.55pt; margin-top: 10.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Une aviculture moderne est apparue durant ces dernières
années. L’élevage de poulet de chair s’est considérablement développé, offrant
ainsi une source en protéines (viandes blanches) importante et relativement
plus accessible comparé aux viandes rouges <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Alloui,
2006).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.9pt; margin-top: 9.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Cependant malgré son importance, ce développement
rencontre beaucoup de problèmes, En effet aux contraintes majeures de bases
constituées par le manque d’infrastructures adéquates d’élevage, le manque
d’hygiène, la mauvaise gestion d’élevage et certaines pathologies persistent et
constituent de ce fait un obstacle au développement de cette filière. Toutefois
le dispositif de contrôle vétérinaire officiel en vigueur ne permet plus à lui
seul de garantir une maitrise totale des risques sanitaires <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Kacia, 2013).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.8pt; margin-top: 10.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">La production du poussin d'une qualité irréprochable
nécessite un énorme effort d'équipe impliquant tous les acteurs concernés par
la filière depuis la gestion des reproducteurs. Ceci se fait par une bonne
conduite sanitaire et hygiénique à chaque stade d'élevage et de production,
consolidée par un maniement correct des OAC depuis les nids jusqu'à
l'incubateur pour pouvoir maintenir un niveau acceptable de l'environnement du
couvoir et de réduire l'exposition à la contamination <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Afssa, 2000).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section2">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.65pt; margin-top: 4.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">En effet, durant la production, les couvoirs passent à
travers un cycle de contamination qui peut se produire très tôt dès l'arrivée
des OAC des fermes ou lorsqu'ils sont placés dans les incubateurs. Lors du transfert,
l'environnement devient contaminé aussitôt que les œufs sont retournés, à
l'éclosion et lorsque les poussins sont manipulés (vaccinations - mise en
carton - livraison) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Itavi, 2003).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .15pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p> </o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.65pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">L'environnement des couvoirs est directement concerné
par une large population de microorganismes, représentée par des virus, des
champignons et surtout des bactéries. Si certains sont des agents pathogènes
spécifiques à l'espèce aviaire, plusieurs sont des contaminants communs à la
végétation, au sol, à l'eau et à l'atmosphère. Certains micro- organismes sont
considérés comme non pathogènes en dehors de l'œuf, mais dès qu'ils
franchissent la barrière coquillère vont se localiser au niveau des différents
constituants, notamment l'albumen et le vitellus qui sont détériorés, et
deviennent des toxines capables de tuer l'embryon déjà en développement ou agir
ultérieurement en affectant la viabilité du poussin éclos. C'est la cause de la
mort en coquille, des rejets et plus particulièrement de la mort précoce des
poussins <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Casa et <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">al</i>., 2008).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .15pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p> </o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.75pt; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Parmi les principales approches préventives
susceptibles d’être appliquées à tous les stades de la production, de la
transformation et de la manutention des produits alimentaires, figure celle
reposant sur le système Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) qui est
une approche systématique d’identification et de maîtrise des dangers menaçant
la salubrité des<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>aliments.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.75pt; margin-top: 10.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 9.0pt;">Dans cette optique, nous nous sommes fixés comme
objectif l'étude de la qualité hygiénique et le niveau de contamination de
couvoirs dans la wilaya de Chlef</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 147%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.8pt; margin-top: 10.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Le présent travail est divisé en deux parties, la
première est une étude bibliographique dans laquelle sont traités; l’accouvage
des poussins chair <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(1</b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 147%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-text-raise: 4.0pt; position: relative; top: -4.0pt;">ier </span>Chapitre),
</b>les dangers microbiologique dans le couvoir <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(2</b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 147%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-text-raise: 4.0pt; position: relative; top: -4.0pt;">ème </span>Chapitre) </b>et le microbisme du couvoir <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(3</b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 147%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-text-raise: 4.0pt; position: relative; top: -4.0pt;">ème </span>chapitre).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 147%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section3">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.7pt; margin-top: 4.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Et une seconde partie que nous avons intitulé « Partie
expérimentale » où devait être traitées une enquête sur la qualité hygiénique
d’un couvoir et une identification des différents agents pathogènes, après des
prélèvements effectués dans ce dernier ,au niveau du laboratoire de
microbiologie de la faculté SNV de Chlef mais vu les conditions du confinement
du au COVID-19 nous avons exploité les résultats d’une étude faite sur la <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Détermination du microbisme en élevage
avicole</b>, qui est réalisée par <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Agabou
Amir </b>en <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">2006</b>.</p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section4">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .35pt;"><span style="font-size: 5.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 181.05pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: 23.1pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><a name="Chapitre-1-fni_et_coorigé"></a><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Historique</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 7.6pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Bien que la couvaison soit un comportement naturel et
ait assuré la reproduction de l’espèce pendant longtemps, aujourd’hui, les
reproductrices de variétés destinées à la production d’œufs de consommation
sont pratiquement incapables de couver. La sélection intense qui a été réalisée
pour un taux de ponte élevé a entrainé une très forte réduction de la capacité
de couvaison, celle-ci provoquant l’arrêt de la ponte. Vers -400 avant J-C,
Aristote décrivait la méthode de l’incubation artificielle par les égyptiens
qui furent avec les chinois, les premiers à la pratiquer. En France, les
premiers essais ont été réalisés vers 1730 par Réaumur. La méthode consistait
alors à mettre les œufs à couver à l’intérieur d’un tas de fumier de cheval en
fermentation copiant en cela la pratique des mégapodes, oiseaux sauvages qui
enterrent leurs œufs et les recouvrent de végétaux en décomposition. Vers 1930,
les premières couveuses artificielles fonctionnaient au pétrole. Vers 1960, les
premiers incubateurs électriques apparaissent ; ils contiennent quelques
centaines d’œufs. Aujourd’hui, les capacités des incubateurs de 2 à 3 millions
d’œufs. Ces couvoirs sont climatisés et régulés par ordinateur et de nombreuses
taches y sont automatisées <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Nau et al.,
2010).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 7.65pt; margin-top: 10.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">En Algérie, l'aviculture a toujours existé mais
pratiquée selon le modèle fermier .les poulets ont été élevés pour la
consommation familiale. L’aviculture algérienne était, donc, essentiellement
fermière, traditionnelle et sans organisation particulière au lendemain de l’indépendance
en 1962 <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Ferrah, 1997 cités par
Abdelguerfi et Ramdane, 2003).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 33.4pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 10.1pt; text-align: justify;">En 1974 Il y a
eu création de six coopératives avicoles qui devaient assurer :</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .1pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 19.25pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: 19.3pt; text-indent: -7.15pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">La distribution des facteurs de<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>production<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 19.25pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: 19.3pt; text-indent: -7.15pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Le suivi technique des<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>producteurs<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 19.25pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: 19.3pt; text-indent: -7.15pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">L’appui technique et la vulgarisation des<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>aviculteurs.</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .1pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 7.7pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">La filière avicole algérienne a atteint selon <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">BELAID </b>(2015) un stade de développement
qui lui confère désormais une place de choix dans l’économie nationale en
général (1,1% du PIB national) et dans l’économie agricole (12 % du Produit
agricole brut), en<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>particulier.</p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section5">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .35pt;"><span style="font-size: 5.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 181.05pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: 23.1pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Généralité sur les<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>couvoirs</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l1 level2 lfo9; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 54.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Définition<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 7.85pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Les couvoirs sont des installations spécialisées qui
reçoivent des œufs fécondés en provenance d’exploitations de reproducteurs de
volaille et qui en prennent soin durant le stockage, l’incubation, l’éclosion,
le traitement et l’attente. Les couvoirs exécutent également diverses
procédures de gestion des œufs et des poussins et dindonneaux nouvellement
éclos afin de protéger leur santé et de les préparer à la phase de croissance.</p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-top: 10.2pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo9; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 54.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Agencement</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 33.4pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.7pt; text-align: justify;">Structurellement,
le couvoir est divisé en deux zones :</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 59.05pt; margin-right: 7.75pt; margin-top: 6.85pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo9; tab-stops: 59.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -1.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Une zone dite « propre » et
qui concerne les œufs jusqu’au incubateurs inclus les salles de réception, de
tri et de stockage des œufs, préchauffage et incubation <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(De Lang G,<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>2011).<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 71.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .3pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo9; tab-stops: 71.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -10.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Salle de<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>réceptions</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 8.0pt; margin-top: 6.6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">La salle de réception est la zone d’entrée des d’œufs
dans le couvoir. Elle reçoit des œufs arrivant des élevages de reproducteurs,
qui peuvent avoir été ramassés sur des alvéoles ou directement conditionnés sur
les plateaux d’incubation. Cette pièce est munie d’un sas permettant la
désinfection des œufs, qui ont déjà subi cette opération à l’élevage, juste
après leur ramassage. Ils passent ensuite en salle de stockage, dans l’attente
de leur utilisation. Préalablement à leur mise en incubation, les œufs font
l’objet d’un tri complémentaire <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Thornton,
2011).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 68.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .35pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo9; tab-stops: 68.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -7.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Salle<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>d’incubation</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 33.4pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.6pt; text-align: justify;">Le
développement du poussin se déroule sur une période de 18 jours en incubateurs.</p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.2pt;">(Nau et al., 2010).</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .35pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 54.75pt; margin-right: 7.85pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo9; tab-stops: 54.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.4pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -1.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">une zone dite « sale » ou
zone duvet, incluant les salles des éclosoirs, de tri, d’expédition et de
désinfection du matériel <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(De Lang G,<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>2011).<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="line-height: 13.7pt; margin-left: 61.7pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">- </span>Salle de mirage et de transfert</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 7.95pt; margin-top: 6.95pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Classiquement après 18 jours d’incubation, les œufs
contenant des embryons vivants sont transférés de casiers adaptés à
l’incubation sur des casiers adaptés à l’éclosion. Cette opération au lieu en
salle de mirage et de transfert <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Thornton.,
2011).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section6">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .35pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 5.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 68.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: 68.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -7.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Salle<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>d’éclosion</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 7.9pt; margin-top: 6.6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Les poussins finissent leur développement en éclosoir.
Pour des raisons d’hygiène, il est recommandé que le couvoir dispose de
plusieurs salles d’éclosion : une par journée d’éclosion. Ceci permet de
réaliser un nettoyage, une désinfection, vide sanitaire régulier des machines
et des salles après la sortie des poussins <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Nau
et al. 2010).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 68.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .25pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: 68.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -7.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Salle<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>d’expédition</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 7.85pt; margin-top: 6.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Une fois éclos, les poussins sont préparés pour être
expédiés vers les élevages. Après le tri et l’élimination des individus non
conformes, les poussins sont sexés vaccinés et éventuellement épointés <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Nau et al, 2010).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 68.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .2pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: 68.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -7.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Autres<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>installations</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 7.8pt; margin-top: 6.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Une salle affectée au stockage de divers matériels
tels que les boites d’expéditions, les papiers de fonds de boites est
indispensable. Une laverie peut être présente a fin de nettoyer les vêtements
de travail. Un groupe électrogène permet de pallier les coupures éventuelles de
fourniture électrique <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Nau et al. 2010).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 7.85pt; margin-top: 10.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Selon <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">De Lang
(2011) </b>l’agencement du couvoir doit permettre une séparation étanche des
deux zones ainsi qu’une circulation en sens unique de la zone propre vers la
zone sale de tous les flux : matériel, personnel, air, eau, déchets, dans le
but d’éviter tout entrecroisement entre des entités de statut sanitaire
différent comme le montre la figure<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>01.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .3pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><o:wrapblock><v:shapetype
id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t"
path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f">
<v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/>
<v:formulas>
<v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/>
<v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"/>
</v:formulas>
<v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/>
<o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/>
</v:shapetype><v:shape id="image4.jpeg" o:spid="_x0000_s2050" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='position:absolute;margin-left:104.65pt;margin-top:8.6pt;width:404.5pt;
height:129.5pt;z-index:1;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square;
mso-wrap-distance-left:0;mso-wrap-distance-top:0;mso-wrap-distance-right:0;
mso-wrap-distance-bottom:0;mso-position-horizontal:absolute;
mso-position-horizontal-relative:page;mso-position-vertical:absolute;
mso-position-vertical-relative:text'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\antri03\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.jpg"
o:title=""/>
<w:wrap type="topAndBottom" anchorx="page"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;">
<table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody><tr>
<td height="0" width="140"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td><img height="173" src="file:///C:/Users/antri03/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.jpg" v:shapes="image4.jpeg" width="539" /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</span><!--[endif]--><!--[if gte vml 1]></o:wrapblock><![endif]--><br clear="ALL" style="mso-ignore: vglayout;" />
<span style="font-size: 5.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .4pt;"><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 29.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.5pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Figure 01: </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Principe de la marche en
avant circulation du personnel <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(SNA,
2003).<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="mso-list: l1 level2 lfo9; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 54.45pt; text-indent: -21.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Déchets</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 9.7pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Ils sont constitués essentiellement des œufs non incubés, des œufs clairs
éliminés après 18 jours d'incubation sous forme d'œufs coquillés ou sous forme
de coulé de</p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section7">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .15pt;"><span style="font-size: 5.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 7.6pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify;">coquilles, des œufs embryon nés non éclos et des cadavres, le duvet et
les poussins non valorisés <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(SNA, 2003).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 8.0pt; margin-top: 9.95pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Les déchets du couvoir stockés dans un SAS accessible
de l’extérieur par une trappe ou dans des bacs d’équarrissage étanches puis ils
seront éliminés par des portes spéciales ou des systèmes automatisés <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Goater, 1988 ; Ernst,<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>1975)</b>.</p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-top: 10.25pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo9; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 54.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Hygiène du<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>couvoir</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 8.05pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Les poussins d'un jour ne sont pas porteurs du virus à
la naissance dans les couvoirs, mais peuvent le devenir si le niveau de biosécurité
de ces établissements est insuffisant <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(FAO,
2008).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 7.7pt; margin-top: 9.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">L’hygiène est l’ensemble des règles mises en œuvre
pour conserver les animaux en bonne santé. En élevage avicole, il est
impossible de réussir sans application rigoureuse<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>des règles de l’hygiène. Dans les unités modernes
qui rassemblent un nombre toujours plus élevé d’animaux toute erreur est
immédiatement<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>sanctionnée.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 7.9pt; margin-top: 9.95pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">A cause des conditions de température et d’humidité,
le couvoir est un milieu idéal pour le développement d’éventuels contaminants <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Bellaoui, 1990). </b>Il doit donc être
nettoyé chaque semaine après transfert des œufs à éclore <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Goater, 1988).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 8.0pt; margin-top: 10.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Les camions de livraison sont lavés et désinfectés
après chaque utilisation au moins une fois par semaine <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Lamoulen, 1988)</b>.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 33.4pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 10.0pt; text-align: justify;">Il faut
respecter le principe de séparation du secteur propre et du secteur souillé</p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.05pt; text-align: justify;">(Reijrink, 2010).</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 5.1pt; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Mise en place et maintien de barrières visant à limiter les possibilités
d’introduction d’animaux infectés ou d’objets contaminés dans une unité de
production non infectée.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 9.7pt; margin-top: 10.1pt; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Pour que l'intérieur du bâtiment facilite les opérations de nettoyage et
de désinfection, il faut prendre en considération les aménagements suivants<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>:</p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 19.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 10.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: 19.3pt; text-indent: -7.15pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Les
parois et la face interne de la sous-toiture doivent être lisses et étanches<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 19.25pt; margin-right: 7.95pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: 19.3pt; text-indent: -7.1pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Les soubassements des murs
sont recouverts d’un enduit lisse sur tout le périmètre du bâtiment ;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section8">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .15pt;"><span style="font-size: 5.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 19.25pt; margin-right: 7.9pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: 19.3pt; text-indent: -7.1pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Dans la mesure du possible,
les circuits électriques, électroniques et de gaz sont situés sur les parois
externes du bâtiment <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Drouin et Amond,<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>2000).<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 9.95pt; text-indent: 28.3pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">James et al. (2009) </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">recommandent
d’utiliser uniquement du matériel propre et désinfecté.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 19.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 10.2pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: 19.3pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>L’œuf à couver (OAC)</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l1 level2 lfo9; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 54.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Définition<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 7.6pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Dans la filière chair, l'œuf, d'une manière générale
et l'œuf à couver en particulier, est un œuf fécond produit par des
reproducteurs sains, ayant une maturité sexuelle correcte conditionnée par de
très bonnes conditions d'élevage et spécialement une très bonne adaptation du
programme lumineux. L'œuf produit, dès la vingt sixième semaine d'âge, d'une
caractéristique nuancée par l'espèce d'oiseau <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Wolanski et al., 2007)</b>, par la souche (du blanc au blanc
légèrement teinté et jusqu'au foncé extra roux), d'un poids variable (50- 65
grammes) en fonction non seulement de la souche mais aussi de l'âge de la poule
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Fasenko, 2007).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-top: 10.25pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo9; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 54.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Caractéristiques et constitution de<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>l'OAC</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l6 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 77.7pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">La<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>coquille<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 7.8pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">La coquille représente une barrière physique qui
empêche toutes pénétrations microbiennes. Sa structure physique semi-perméable
lui procure un rôle de protection contre les chocs et l'évaporation, laissant
passer l'oxygène et le gaz carbonique (respiration de l'embryon) à travers les
pores en nombre de millier <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Evearaert et
al<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">., </i>2007).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 8.0pt; margin-top: 10.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Elle est composée de 95% de matière minérale
(carbonate de calcium sous forme de calcite), de 3,5% de matière organique ou
matrice organique (protéines, polysaccharides et protéoglycanes) et de 1,5%
d’eau <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Nys and Guyot, 2011).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 8.05pt; margin-top: 10.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">La coquille d’œuf est divisée en 5 couches de
l’intérieur vers l’extérieur : les membranes coquillières, la couche mamillaire
ou couche des cônes, la couche palissadique, la couche des cristaux verticaux
et la cuticule<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">.<o:p></o:p></b></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section9">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .35pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 5.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 77.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-list: l6 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 77.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -29.4pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>La membrane<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>coquillière</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 7.8pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Elle est dédoublée en membrane coquillère externe
fortement adhérente à la coquille et en membrane coquillière interne très
rapprochée de l'externe jusqu'au bord arrondi de l'œuf laissant place à la
chambre à air sous la membrane externe. Ces deux membranes ont une épaisseur
totale de 70 µm (20 µm pour la membrane interne et 50 µm pour la membrane
externe). Chacune est formée d'une superposition de couches de fibres
protéiques entrecroisées synthétisées par l'isthme <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Yalcin et al., 2008).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 77.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 10.25pt; mso-list: l6 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 77.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -29.4pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>La chambre à<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>air</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 7.9pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">La chambre à air n’existe pas au moment de la ponte de
l’œuf, Elle commence à se former lors du refroidissement de l'œuf et forme une
poche d'air entre les deux membranes coquillères du côté du bord arrondi de
l'œuf <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Yalcin et al., 2008).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 77.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 10.3pt; mso-list: l6 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 77.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -29.4pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>L'albumen</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .45pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 7.8pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">L’album en plus couramment nommé "blanc
d'œuf", constitue les deux tiers de l'œuf, il est transparent et visqueux,
il est soluble dans l'eau. Il est ferme et dense, plus il est frais <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Françoise Nau 2010).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 7.75pt; margin-top: 9.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Le blanc constitué de deux sortes d'albumen, un
albumen externe et interne de consistance relativement fluide (40% d'albumen)
et un albumen médian plus visqueux (57% d'albumen) et qui entourent le
vitellus. Son poids total est en fonction de l'âge de la poule, et est plus
élevé avec les bandes plus âgées <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Yalcin
et al., 2008). </b>Il peut être divisé en quatre structures distinctes : le
blanc liquide interne, le blanc épais, le blanc liquide externe et les chalazes
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Guerin-Dubiard et al,<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>2010).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 7.8pt; margin-top: 9.95pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">L'albumen constitue une réserve nutritive de nature
protéique pour l’embryon au cours de son développement <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Anton et al, 2010). </b>Il sert d'amortisseur de choc pour le vitellus
avec les chalazes et lors du développement embryonnaire il est source d'eau et
de protéine. Il assure un vrai rôle antibactérien par ses caractéristiques
bactéricides et bactériostatiques <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Pedroso
et al., 2005).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section10">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .35pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 5.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 77.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-list: l6 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 77.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -29.4pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Les<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>chalazes</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 8.1pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">C'est une paire de cordons d'albumen (3% d'albumen).
Il s'agit de chalaze sénestre (située sur le côté droit de l'embryon) et de
chalaze dextre (sur son côté gauche), enroulés. Elles fixent solidement le
vitellus et son contenu au centre de l'œuf <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Pedroso
et al., 2005).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 77.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 10.15pt; mso-list: l6 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 77.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -29.4pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Le vitellus (Jaune<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>d'œuf)</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 7.8pt; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Le vitellus est entouré d'une membrane vitelline
constituée de disques jaunes (vitellus jaune, de synthèse diurne) et de disques
blancs (vitellus blanc, de synthèse nocturne) formant le jaune d'œuf d'un
diamètre de trois centimètres <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Pedroso
et al.,<span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;"> </span>2005).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 7.65pt; margin-top: 10.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Le jaune contient le gamète femelle qui pourra être
fécondé. Ce dernier est localisé au niveau du disque germinatif, situé en
surface du jaune. Le jaune est composé de 51% d’eau, de 30% de lipides, de 16%
de protéines et de 0,6% de glucides. Il est également riche en phosphore,
contient la plupart du fer de l’œuf et renferme des vitamines <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Guerin- Dubiard et al, 2010, Nys,<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>2010).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 77.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 10.25pt; mso-list: l6 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 77.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -29.4pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>La membrane<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>vitelline</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 7.7pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">La membrane vitelline est de nature protéique ; elle
entoure et contient le jaune <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Nys and
Guyot, 2011). </b>Elle a une épaisseur totale d’environ 10 µm <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Mineki and Kobayashi, 1997) </b>et peut
être divisée en trois couches : une couche médiane continue au centre comprise
entre deux couches fibreuses que sont la couche interne (équivalent de la zona
pellucida chez les mammifères) et la couche externe <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Nys and Guyot, 2011). </b>Certains auteurs évoquent la présence d’une
quatrième couche, la zona radiata, située sous<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>la couche interne<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>fibreuse.</p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section11">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 25.85pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="image5.jpeg" o:spid="_x0000_i1026" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:396.75pt;
height:240.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\antri03\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.jpg"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="321" src="file:///C:/Users/antri03/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.jpg" v:shapes="image5.jpeg" width="529" /><!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .4pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 20.8pt; margin-right: 23.45pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Figure 02: </b>Représentation schématique
d'une coupe longitudinale d'un œuf de poule</p>
<p align="center" class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 20.6pt; margin-right: 23.45pt; margin-top: 7.05pt; text-align: center;">(Delaruc
,2004).</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .2pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 54.75pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo9; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 54.8pt; text-indent: -21.4pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Principale
anomalies de l’œuf à couver<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .35pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 33.4pt;">Les principales anomalies des
œufs à couver sont :</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .2pt;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 19.25pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 19.3pt; text-indent: -7.15pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Les œufs déformés.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 19.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.95pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 19.3pt; text-indent: -7.15pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Les
œufs sans<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>coquille.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 19.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.85pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 19.3pt; text-indent: -7.15pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Les
œufs clairs.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 19.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.95pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 19.3pt; text-indent: -7.15pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Les
œufs « pré fêlés » in<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>vivo.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 19.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.85pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 19.3pt; text-indent: -7.15pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Les
œufs à coquilles<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>crayeuses.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 19.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.95pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 19.3pt; text-indent: -7.15pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Taches
de<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>sang.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 19.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.85pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 19.3pt; text-indent: -7.15pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Les
œufs à coquilles<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>rugueuses<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 19.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.95pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 19.3pt; text-indent: -7.15pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Les
œufs à double<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>jaune.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .2pt;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 151%; margin-left: 5.1pt; text-indent: 28.3pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 151%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Les
différents œufs défectueux sont montrés dans la figure 03 <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Hubbard. Guide d’incubation, 2010).<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 151%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section12">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 5.1pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: FR; mso-no-proof: yes;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="image6.png" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:435.75pt;
height:623.25pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\antri03\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image005.png"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><img height="831" src="file:///C:/Users/antri03/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image006.gif" v:shapes="image6.png" width="581" /><!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 20.65pt; margin-right: 23.45pt; margin-top: 5.5pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Figure 03 : </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Œufs déclassés <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Hubbard. Guide
d’incubation, 2010).<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section13">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .35pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 5.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-top: 4.5pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo9; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 54.45pt; text-indent: -21.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>L’incubation des œufs à<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>couver</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l2 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 77.7pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Définition<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 8.05pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">C’est l'ensemble des opérations qui, à partir d'une
quantité d'œufs pondus, permet d'obtenir le maximum de poussins viables au coût
le plus bas possible <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(L'Amoulen, 1988).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-top: 10.2pt; mso-list: l2 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 77.7pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Traitement des œufs à<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>couver</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 7.85pt; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Le traitement des œufs comporte plusieurs aspects dont
les principaux sont le ramassage, le tri, la désinfection et le stockage.</p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-top: 10.2pt; mso-list: l2 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 100.9pt; text-indent: -39.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Ramassage des œufs</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 7.6pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Les œufs pondus ont une température voisine de celle
du corps de la poule (40, 5°C). De ce fait ils devraient être ramassés
régulièrement au moins deux fois par jour <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Sauveur,
1988; Wageningen et al., 1998) </b>et refroidis à la température de stockage
pour empêcher la pré incubation et le développement de l'embryon <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Cobb, 2008).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 8.2pt; margin-top: 10.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Tous les moyens de prévention doivent être mis en
place afin de limiter le nombre de germes sur les œufs <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Edouard, 2013).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 8.0pt; margin-top: 9.95pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 16.15pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.25pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">En outre, le matériel
servant au ramassage des œufs doit être propre et nettoyé régulièrement afin
d'éviter toute souillure aux<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>œufs;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 7.7pt; margin-top: 10.1pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 12.35pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.25pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Se laver les mains avant de
commencer le ramassage des œufs. Avec l'eau et du savon ou un<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>détergent;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 8.25pt; margin-top: 9.95pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 14.5pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: -.25pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Ramasser les œufs pondus au
sol dans une alvéole. Ne pas mélanger avec les œufs propres <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(L’Amoulen,<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>1988).<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-top: 10.1pt; mso-list: l2 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 100.9pt; text-indent: -39.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Tri des œufs à<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>couver</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p> </o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 8.0pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Les critères sur lesquels on se base pour trier les
œufs aptes à être incubés sont : le poids des œufs, la propreté, la forme, la
qualité de la coquille et la couleur de la coquille <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Reijrink et al ., 2010).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 8.0pt; margin-top: 7.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Selon <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hubbard
(2010), </b>un œuf à couver idéal aura un rapport longueur/largeur proche de
1,4/1,0, un poids et une taille en accord avec la moyenne du troupeau, pondu</p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section14">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .15pt;"><span style="font-size: 5.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 7.95pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify;">dans un endroit sec, propre et protégé de la poussière et issu d’un troupeau
indemne de maladies. Il n’aura pas été souillé <span style="color: #010101;">par
des déjections ou par des copeaux ou paille, Il n’aura pas été sali par de
l’albumen ou du jaune d’œuf d’autres œufs cassés, aura une couleur homogène
(brun foncé à brun clair en fonction de l’âge du troupeau) et la coquille sera
lisse, exempte de rugosités ou d’aspérités. La coquille sera intacte, non fêlée
ou perforée. Elle ne sera pas fragile ou poreuse.</span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 7.65pt; margin-top: 7.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Selon <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hubbard
(2010), </b>les œufs qui ne correspondent pas aux critères ci-dessus, ne
devraient pas être considérés comme œufs à couver<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">.<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p> </o:p></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-left: 103.85pt; mso-list: l2 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 103.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Nettoyage des OAC</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 7.55pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Immédiatement après la collecte, les œufs doivent être
nettoyés individuellement soit avec une brosse ou bien avec du papier de verre.
Bien que le lavage des œufs à incuber ne soit pas recommandé, les œufs les plus
sales doivent être brossés dans l’eau à 40°C car la température de l’eau doit
toujours être supérieure à la température de l’œuf). Un désinfectant tel que
l’hypochlorite de sodium (NaClO) peut être ajouté à l’eau. Il est recommandé de
collecter les œufs dans des clayettes en plastique ou dans tout autre support
fait d’un matériau non poreux et facilement nettoyable pour ne pas risquer de
transmettre une contamination bactérienne<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>éventuelle.</p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 103.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 10.25pt; mso-list: l2 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 103.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -42.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Stockage des<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>œufs</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 7.7pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Après la désinfection, les œufs doivent être conservés
dans un local aéré mais à l'abri des courants d'air, du soleil et des
poussières. <span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">La </span>durée de conservation
des facultés d'éclosion des œufs dépend en partie de la température de la pièce
dans laquelle sont stockés les œufs avant incubation. Selon <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lissot, (1987) </b>de 7 à 15°C, la
conservation des facultés d'éclosion est bonne pendant 6 jours. Elle diminue
progressivement à partir du début de la seconde semaine alors que selon <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Salaun, (1988) </b>la température de la
salle de stockage doit être maintenue entre 17 et 18°C pour une durée de 3 à 4
jours. L'éclosivité des œufs diminue de 1 à1,4% par jour de stockage (<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sauveur, 1988). </b>Afin de limiter les
pertes d'eau par évaporation qui aura pour effet d'abaisser le taux d'éclosion
et la vitalité du poussin, l'humidité relative de la salle de stockage doit
être maintenue entre 70 et 85% <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(Wageningen
et al.,<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>1998).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .15pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 5.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 8.1pt; margin-top: 4.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Les œufs ne doivent jamais être stockés à même le sol mais
sur des palettes en bois ou de préférence en plastique <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(L'Amoulen, 1988 et Sauveur, 1988).<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 107.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 10.2pt; mso-list: l2 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 107.4pt; text-indent: -45.7pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Le<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>préchauffage</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 7.9pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Les conditions et la durée du stockage jouaient un
rôle majeur dans les altérations physico-chimiques de l’œuf, le développement
et la survie des embryons, et les résultats d’éclosion qui en découlaient.
Contrairement à ce qu’on pourrait penser, le préchauffage n’a pas pour objectif
de compenser les effets du stockage mais plutôt d’y minimiser l’impact. Ce, par
le biais de 3 axes principaux comme l’indiquent <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Reijrink et al (2010) :<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 10.05pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: 26.5pt; text-indent: -7.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Favoriser
la régénération des cellules mortes pendant le<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">
</span>stockage;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.45pt; margin-right: 7.75pt; margin-top: 6.85pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: 26.5pt; text-indent: -7.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Amener tous les embryons à
un stade de développement plus ou moins similaire avant leur mise en machine<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 26.45pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: 26.5pt; text-indent: -7.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Réduire
les fenêtres d’éclosion et améliorer ainsi la qualité des<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>poussins.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 7.75pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Le but du préchauffage est d’amener les œufs à une
température proche de celle-ci et ce, pendant une période suffisamment longue
pour que la plupart des embryons puissent atteindre un stade de développement
similaire.</p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-top: 10.25pt; mso-list: l8 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 77.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Techniques de désinfection des<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>œufs</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Même si toutes les précautions ont été prises pour produire des œufs à
couver d’une qualité sanitaire optimale, les risques de contamination
persistent (<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hubbard, 2010).<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 9.7pt; margin-top: 9.95pt; text-indent: 28.3pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Reijrink., (2009) </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">et <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hubbard., (2010) </b>rapportent qu’on peut
utiliser<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>deux techniques dans la
désinfection de l’œuf à couver :<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="margin-top: 10.2pt; mso-list: l8 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 110.35pt 110.4pt; text-indent: -48.7pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>La<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>Pulvérisation</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 7.7pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">L’emploi de désinfectants en pulvérisation est une
méthode efficace pour limiter les risques de contaminations bactériennes. Elle
est particulièrement utile lorsque les œufs sont directement ramassés sur
plateaux d’incubation et qu’il est donc possible de pulvériser un désinfectant
sur la pointe arrondie des œufs, immédiatement après leur ramassage. Les
désinfectants les plus employés sont ceux à base d’ammonium quaternaire, de
phénols, de peroxyde d’hydrogène, d’iode ou de glutaraldéhyde.</p>earnbtc4freehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03514123550786668019noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3094162968095839258.post-7326413329693190442021-11-13T14:48:00.000-08:002021-11-13T14:48:06.939-08:00MÉMOIRE de Master<p style="text-align: center;"> </p><div class="Section1">
<p class="Heading3" style="margin-right: 50.3pt;">Résumé</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.55pt; margin-top: 11.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Le couvoir est le point central de toutes les
exploitations intégrées de poulets de chair. Comme tous les poussins passent
par cet endroit, il est le lieu par excellence où les agents pathogènes peuvent
se transmettre et atteindre tous les paliers de l’exploitation. Dans la
production avicole la qualité des poussins livrés dépend essentiellement de la
qualité des œufs à couver (OAC) à la mise en incubation.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 6.1pt; margin-top: 10.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Il est donc primordial de s’assurer de la qualité
bactériologique des coquilles à leur arrivée au couvoir et durant toute la
phase d’incubation jusqu’à la livraison d’un poussin sain.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.9pt; margin-top: 9.95pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">En effet, durant la production, les couvoirs passent à
travers un cycle de contamination qui peut se produire très tôt dès l'arrivée
des OAC des fermes ou lorsqu'ils sont placés dans les incubateurs en raison de
la température et de l’humidité qui s’y trouvent.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.8pt; margin-top: 10.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">L’environnement du couvoir est directement concerné
par une large population de microorganismes, représentée par des virus, des
champignons et des bactéries.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.6pt; margin-top: 9.95pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Les différents travaux ont montré que malgré la mise
en place d’un programme de désinfection du couvoir la menace reste présente et
le niveau d’hygiène reste insuffisant ce qui a suscité notre intérêt pour ce
sujet en vue de mettre le point sur les différents compartiments à risque et
d’envisager des solutions.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.7pt; margin-top: 10.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Mais vu les conditions du confinement du au COVID-19
le travail n’a pas pu être<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>réalisé pour
les couvoirs de la wilaya de<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>Chlef.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 21.1pt; margin-top: 10.9pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mots clés : </b>Couvoir, œufs à couver,
hygiène, désinfection, HACCP, contamination bactérienne.</p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section2">
<p class="Heading3" style="margin-right: 21.9pt;"><a name="abstract"></a>Abstract</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.95pt; margin-top: .05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">The hatchery is the focal point of all integrated
broiler operations. Since all chicks pass through this place, it is the ideal
place where pathogens can be transmitted and reach all levels of the farm. In
poultry production, the quality of the chicks delivered depends mainly on the
quality of the hatching eggs (OAC) at incubation.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 6.15pt; margin-top: 9.95pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">It is therefore essential to ensure the
bacteriological quality of the shells on their arrival at the hatchery and
throughout the incubation phase until the delivery of a healthy chick.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.6pt; margin-top: 9.85pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">Indeed, during production, hatcheries go through a
cycle of contamination which can occur very early upon arrival of hatching eggs
from farms or when placed in incubators due to the temperature and humidity
there.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 6.0pt; margin-top: 9.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">The hatchery environment is directly affected by a
large population of microorganisms, represented by viruses, fungi and bacteria.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 5.75pt; margin-top: 10.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">The various works have shown that despite the
establishment of a hatchery disinfection program, the threat remains present
and the level of hygiene remains insufficient, which aroused our interest in
this subject with a view to reviewing the various compartments at risk and
consider solutions.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 6.0pt; margin-top: 10.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.3pt;">But given the COVID-19 confinement conditions, the
work could not be done for the hatcheries in the wilaya of Chlef.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 10.8pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Keywords: </b>Hatchery, hatching eggs, hygiene, disinfection, HACCP,
bacterial contamination.</p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section3">
<p class="Heading3" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 193.1pt; margin-right: 189.9pt; margin-top: 3.75pt;"><a name="Sommaire"></a>Sommaire</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="Heading5" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 329.8pt; margin-top: .05pt;">Liste des figures
Liste des tableaux Liste des<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">abréviations</span></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: auto;" />
</span>
<div class="Section4"><w:sdt docparttype="Table of Contents" docpartunique="t" id="-193976040" sdtdocpart="t">
<p class="TOC1" style="tab-stops: right dotted 439.55pt;">Introduction<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">...................................................................................................................... </span><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">01<o:p></o:p></span><span style="font-weight: normal;"><w:sdtpr></w:sdtpr></span></p>
<p class="TOC3" style="margin-top: 15.15pt;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/antri03/Desktop/biotechno%202020%20.founas%20.%20chahrour-converti.docx#_TOC_250001"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Partie
Bibliographique</span></a></p>
<p class="TOC3">Chapitre I <span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">: </span>L’accouvage des poussins chair</p>
<p class="TOC2" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 23.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 19.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: 23.15pt right dotted 439.8pt; text-indent: -18.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Historique<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">..................................................................................................................... </span>04</p>
<p class="TOC2" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 23.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.85pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: 23.15pt right dotted 439.45pt; text-indent: -18.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Généralité sur<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>les couvoirs<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">............................................................................................ </span>05</p>
<p class="TOC4" style="margin-top: 6.95pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo6; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 40.3pt right dotted 437.65pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Définition<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">............................................................................................................... </span>05</p>
<p class="TOC4" style="mso-list: l0 level2 lfo6; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 40.3pt right dotted 439.9pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Agencement<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">............................................................................................................ </span>05</p>
<p class="TOC4" style="margin-top: 6.95pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo6; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 40.3pt right dotted 438.95pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Déchets<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">................................................................................................................... </span>06</p>
<p class="TOC4" style="mso-list: l0 level2 lfo6; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 40.3pt right dotted 438.6pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Hygiène<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>du couvoir<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">................................................................................................ </span>07</p>
<p class="TOC2" style="margin-left: 19.25pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: 19.3pt right dotted 438.6pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>L’œuf à<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>couver<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>(OAC)<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.................................................................................................. </span>08</p>
<p class="TOC4" style="mso-list: l0 level2 lfo6; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 40.3pt right dotted 437.65pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Définition<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">............................................................................................................... </span>08</p>
<p class="TOC4" style="margin-top: 6.95pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo6; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 40.3pt right dotted 438.1pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Caractéristiques et constitution<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>de<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>l'OAC<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.............................................................. </span>08</p>
<p class="TOC4" style="mso-list: l0 level2 lfo6; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 40.3pt right dotted 438.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Principale anomalies de l’œuf<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>à couver<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.................................................................. </span>11</p>
<p class="TOC4" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 40.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.95pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo6; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 40.4pt right dotted 437.65pt; text-indent: -21.15pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>L’incubation des œufs<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>à<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>couver<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">............................................................................. </span>13</p>
<p class="TOC6" style="mso-list: l0 level3 lfo6; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 63.45pt right dotted 439.8pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Définition<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">........................................................................................................ </span>13</p>
<p class="TOC6" style="margin-top: 6.95pt; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo6; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 63.45pt right dotted 439.45pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Traitement des œufs<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>à<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>couver<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">......................................................................... </span>13</p>
<p class="TOC6" style="margin-left: 33.4pt; tab-stops: right dotted 435.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;">2.4.3.
Techniques de désinfection<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>des<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>œufs<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">............................................................ </span>15</p>
<p class="TOC6" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 33.4pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.95pt; tab-stops: right dotted 439.8pt; text-indent: 0cm;">3.4.4.<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>Paramètre<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>d’incubation<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">................................................................................... </span>17</p>
<p class="TOC4" style="margin-left: 40.35pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo6; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 40.4pt right dotted 438.0pt; text-indent: -21.15pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">Le</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>transfert<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">............................................................................................................. </span>19</p>
<p class="TOC4" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 40.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.95pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo6; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 40.4pt right dotted 436.65pt; text-indent: -21.15pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">Le
</span>mirage des OAC<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">............................................................................................... </span>20</p>
<p class="TOC4" style="margin-left: 46.35pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo6; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 46.4pt right dotted 439.65pt; text-indent: -27.15pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>L’éclosion<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">............................................................................................................. </span>21</p>
<p class="TOC4" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.9pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo6; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 40.5pt right dotted 440.5pt; text-indent: -21.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Hygiène des œufs<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>à<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>couver<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">..................................................................................... </span>21</p>
<p class="TOC2" style="margin-left: 19.25pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: 19.3pt right dotted 439.65pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Hygiène<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>du personnel<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.................................................................................................... </span>22</p>
<p class="TOC3" style="margin-top: 17.15pt;">Chapitr II : Dangers microbiologiques
dans le couvoir</p>
<p class="TOC2" style="margin-bottom: 6.85pt; margin-left: 17.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 18.75pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: 17.25pt right dotted 438.1pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Infections transmises<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>par
l’œuf<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">...................................................................................... </span>23</p>
<p class="TOC4" style="margin-top: 3.7pt; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 40.4pt right dotted 437.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Lutte contre la<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>transmission verticale<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">..................................................................... </span>24</p>
<p class="TOC6" style="margin-top: 14.9pt; mso-list: l2 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 63.45pt right dotted 439.45pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Méthode<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>par injection<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">..................................................................................... </span>24</p>
<p class="TOC6" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.9pt; mso-list: l2 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 63.55pt right dotted 439.65pt; text-indent: -30.15pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">La
</span>méthode<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>de<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>lavage-trempage<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">..................................................................... </span>25</p>
<p class="TOC4" style="margin-top: 14.85pt; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 40.4pt right dotted 438.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Lutte contre la<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>transmission<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>horizontale<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">................................................................. </span>26</p>
<p class="TOC4" style="margin-top: 14.9pt; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 40.3pt right dotted 438.95pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Microbisme de<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>la coquille<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">....................................................................................... </span>28</p>
<p class="TOC2" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 17.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 15.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: 17.15pt right dotted 439.05pt; text-indent: -12.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Désinfection des salles<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>et
machines<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">............................................................................... </span>28</p>
<p class="TOC3" style="margin-top: 15.1pt;">Chapitre III : Microbisme du couvoir</p>
<p class="TOC2" style="margin-top: 14.7pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 17.25pt right dotted 439.45pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">Les </span>Germes
pathogènes dans<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>un couvoir<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">....................................................................... </span>30</p>
<p class="TOC4" style="mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 40.4pt right dotted 437.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">Les</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>Salmonelles<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">...................................................................................................... </span>30</p>
<p class="TOC6" style="margin-top: 6.95pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 63.45pt right dotted 439.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Taxonomie<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">...................................................................................................... </span>30</p>
<p class="TOC6" style="mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 63.45pt right dotted 439.45pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Caractères<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>bactériologiques<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">............................................................................. </span>30</p>
<p class="TOC6" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.95pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 63.55pt right dotted 438.85pt; text-indent: -30.15pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">Le</span>
pouvoir pathogène<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">..................................................................................... </span>33</p>
<p class="TOC6" style="mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 63.45pt right dotted 438.45pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Aspect<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>clinique<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">............................................................................................... </span>34</p>
<p class="TOC6" style="margin-top: 6.95pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 63.45pt right dotted 439.45pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Diagnostic<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">....................................................................................................... </span>34</p>
<p class="TOC4" style="mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 40.4pt right dotted 439.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">Les</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>colibacilles<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">........................................................................................................ </span>35</p>
<p class="TOC7" style="mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 63.45pt right dotted 438.85pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Escherichia<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>coli<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">............................................................................................... </span><span style="font-style: normal;">35<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="TOC6" style="mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 63.45pt right dotted 438.85pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Pathologies<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>rencontrées<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.................................................................................. </span>35</p>
<p class="TOC4" style="margin-top: 6.95pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 40.4pt right dotted 438.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">Les</span>
mycoplasmes<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.................................................................................................... </span>36</p>
<p class="TOC2" style="margin-top: 6.85pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 17.25pt right dotted 436.8pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">Les</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>germes opportunistes<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.............................................................................................. </span>36</p>
<p class="TOC4" style="margin-top: 6.95pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 40.4pt right dotted 436.65pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">Les</span>
staphylococcies<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">............................................................................................... </span>36</p>
<p class="TOC6" style="mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 63.45pt right dotted 439.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Taxonomie<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">...................................................................................................... </span>36</p>
<p class="TOC6" style="margin-top: 7.0pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 63.45pt right dotted 437.75pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Caractères bactériologique<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.............................................................................. </span>37</p>
<p class="TOC6" style="margin-top: 6.8pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 63.45pt right dotted 438.85pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Pouvoir<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>pathogène<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.......................................................................................... </span>37</p>
<p class="TOC6" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 63.55pt right dotted 438.45pt; text-indent: -30.15pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">Les</span>
symptômes<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">............................................................................................... </span>37</p>
<p class="TOC5" style="mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 40.3pt right dotted 440.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Pseudomonas<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>aeruginosa<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">....................................................................................... </span><span style="font-style: normal;">38<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="TOC2" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 17.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 17.15pt right dotted 439.45pt; text-indent: -12.05pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Démarche<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>HACCP<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">......................................................................................................... </span>39</p>
<p class="TOC4" style="mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 40.3pt right dotted 437.65pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Définition<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">............................................................................................................... </span>39</p>
<p class="TOC4" style="margin-top: 6.95pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 40.3pt right dotted 437.25pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Principe<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.................................................................................................................. </span>39</p>
<p class="TOC4" style="mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 40.3pt right dotted 438.6pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Méthodologie HACCP appliquée dans<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>le<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>couvoir<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">................................................. </span>40</p>
<p class="TOC6" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 63.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.95pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 63.55pt right dotted 438.1pt; text-indent: -30.15pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">Les
</span>bonnes pratiques<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>de<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>l’accouvage<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">............................................................. </span>41</p>
<p class="TOC6" style="margin-bottom: 1.0pt; margin-left: 63.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.85pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 63.55pt right dotted 439.3pt; text-indent: -30.15pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Implantation et conception<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>de<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>l'établissement<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">................................................ </span>41</p>
<p class="TOC6" style="margin-top: 3.7pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 63.45pt right dotted 438.1pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Maitrise sanitaire<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>au couvoir<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">........................................................................... </span>41</p>
<p class="TOC4" style="mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 40.3pt right dotted 437.65pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Risques<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>Sanitaires<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">................................................................................................... </span>44</p>
<p class="TOC2" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 17.25pt right dotted 438.7pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">Les </span>principaux
vecteurs<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>de<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>germes<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">................................................................................. </span>47</p>
<p class="TOC1" style="margin-top: 19.1pt;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/antri03/Desktop/biotechno%202020%20.founas%20.%20chahrour-converti.docx#_TOC_250000"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Partie
expérimentale</span></a></p>
<p class="TOC1" style="margin-top: 18.95pt;">Chapitre I : Matériels et méthodes</p>
<p class="TOC2" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 19.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 18.6pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 19.3pt right dotted 438.0pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">I.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Matériel<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">......................................................................................................................... </span>54</p>
<p class="TOC4" style="margin-top: 14.9pt; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 38.1pt right dotted 437.65pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Enquête<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">................................................................................................................... </span>54</p>
<p class="TOC4" style="margin-top: 15.05pt; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 38.1pt right dotted 437.65pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Matériel de<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>prélèvement<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.......................................................................................... </span>54</p>
<p class="TOC4" style="margin-top: 14.85pt; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 38.15pt right dotted 436.9pt; text-indent: -18.9pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Matériel<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>d’analyse<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">................................................................................................... </span>55</p>
<p class="TOC2" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 19.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.9pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 19.05pt right dotted 436.8pt; text-indent: -13.95pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt; mso-font-width: 99%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">II.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Méthode<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">........................................................................................................................ </span>57</p>
<p class="TOC4" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.15pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.85pt; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 42.2pt right dotted 438.25pt; text-indent: -22.95pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Sites et nombre<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>de<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>prélèvements<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">........................................................................... </span>57</p>
<p class="TOC4" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.15pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.9pt; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 42.2pt right dotted 438.95pt; text-indent: -22.95pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Moment<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>des prélèvements<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">..................................................................................... </span>57</p>
<p class="TOC4" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.15pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.9pt; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 42.2pt right dotted 439.55pt; text-indent: -22.95pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Technique<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>de<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>prélèvement<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">...................................................................................... </span>58</p>
<p class="TOC4" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.15pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.85pt; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 42.2pt right dotted 437.25pt; text-indent: -22.95pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Analyses<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>microbiologiques<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.................................................................................... </span>59</p>
<p class="TOC6" style="margin-top: 15.05pt; mso-list: l5 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 65.35pt right dotted 436.8pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Germes<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>étudies<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">............................................................................................... </span>59</p>
<p class="TOC6" style="margin-top: 14.85pt; mso-list: l5 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 65.35pt right dotted 437.4pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Ensemencement<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>et<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>lecture<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.............................................................................. </span>59</p>
<p class="TOC6" style="margin-top: 14.9pt; mso-list: l5 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 65.35pt right dotted 438.85pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Expression<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>des résultats<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.................................................................................. </span>65</p>
<p class="TOC1" style="margin-top: 15.1pt;">Chapitre II : Résultats et discussion</p>
<p class="TOC2" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.9pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 18.6pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 14.95pt right dotted 437.5pt; text-indent: -9.85pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">I.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Résultat<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>de
l’enquête<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">...................................................................................................... </span>67</p>
<p class="TOC4" style="margin-top: 15.0pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 38.15pt right dotted 439.3pt; text-indent: -18.9pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Structure<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>de<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>couvoir<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">................................................................................................ </span>67</p>
<p class="TOC6" style="margin-top: 14.95pt; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 61.5pt right dotted 437.75pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Implantation<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.................................................................................................... </span>67</p>
<p class="TOC6" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 61.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.85pt; mso-list: l4 level3 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 61.4pt right dotted 439.55pt; text-indent: -28.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Agencement<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">..................................................................................................... </span>67</p>
<p class="TOC6" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 33.4pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.9pt; tab-stops: right dotted 437.4pt; text-indent: 0cm;">I.1.3<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>La<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>circulation<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">................................................................................................... </span>67</p>
<p class="TOC6" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 63.4pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 18.85pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 61.4pt right dotted 437.5pt; text-indent: -28.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>La ventilation<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.................................................................................................. </span>68</p>
<p class="TOC6" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 61.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.7pt; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 61.3pt right dotted 436.45pt; text-indent: -27.9pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Sol, Parois<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>et plafonds<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.................................................................................... </span>68</p>
<p class="TOC4" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 38.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.9pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 38.25pt right dotted 438.0pt; text-indent: -19.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Les œufs à<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>couver<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">................................................................................................... </span>68</p>
<p class="TOC4" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 38.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.9pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 38.25pt right dotted 436.65pt; text-indent: -19.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Le personnel<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">........................................................................................................... </span>69</p>
<p class="TOC4" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 38.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.85pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 38.25pt right dotted 436.9pt; text-indent: -19.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Les<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>véhicules<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">........................................................................................................... </span>69</p>
<p class="TOC2" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 19.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 18.85pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 19.05pt right dotted 436.05pt; text-indent: -13.95pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">II.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Résultats des<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>analyses<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>bactériologiques<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">........................................................................ </span>70</p>
<p class="TOC4" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.15pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 18.95pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 42.2pt right dotted 436.9pt; text-indent: -22.95pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Gestion du couvoir et
hygiénogramme<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.................................................................. </span>72</p>
<p class="TOC4" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.15pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.9pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 42.2pt right dotted 439.2pt; text-indent: -22.95pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Contrôle bactériologique<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>de<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>l’air<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">............................................................................ </span>73</p>
<p class="TOC4" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.15pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 15.05pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt left 42.2pt; text-indent: -22.95pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span>Contrôle bactériologique des
surfaces (dénombrements<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>bactériens)</p>
<p class="TOC4" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 19.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.85pt; tab-stops: right dotted 436.3pt; text-indent: 0cm;">et
protocole de nettoyage<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>/
désinfection<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">....................................................................... </span>75</p>
</w:sdt></div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: auto;" />
</span>
<div class="Section5">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 15.15pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Conclusion<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 304.05pt; margin-top: 6.8pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Référence bibliographique Annexes<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section6">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 160.1pt; margin-right: 154.0pt; margin-top: 3.8pt; text-align: center;"><a name="Liste_des_abréviations"></a><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Liste des abréviations<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 19.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">µm : </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">micromètre.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .2pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Ag : </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">antigène.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .2pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 5.1pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">API : </b>Appareils et Procédés d'Identification.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .15pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 5.1pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">CCP : </b>points critiques du contrôle.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Cf : </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">confer.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .2pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Cm2 : </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">centimètre carré.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .2pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 5.1pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">DPDD : </b>Direct Pressure Difference Dipping.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 5.1pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">E.Coli : </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Escherichia coli.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 5.1pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">EDS : </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Egg drop syndrome.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .15pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 5.1pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">EDTA : </b>Ethylene diamine tetra acetic Acid-Tris.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 5.1pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">g : </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">gramme.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 5.1pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">h : </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">heure.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 5.1pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">HACCP : </b>Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 5.1pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">L.P.S : </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">lipopolysaccharidique.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .1pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">M.R.C : </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">maladie respiratoire
chronique.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 222%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 343.25pt; margin-top: 0cm;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 222%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">m3 : </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 222%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">mètre cube. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mc : </b>Mac Conkey. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mg : </b>milligramme.
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">ml : </b>Millilitre.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 222%; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section7">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.65pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">mn : </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">minute.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 5.1pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">NB : </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Nota bene.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .1pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 5.1pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">NF : </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Norme Française.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 5.1pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">nm : </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">nanomètre.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 5.1pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">OAC : </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">œuf à couver.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 5.1pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">OMS : </b>Organisation mondiale de la santé.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .3pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 221%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 171.25pt; margin-top: 0cm;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">ONAB : </b>Office National des Aliments du
Bétail. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">ORAC : </b>Office Regionale De
L'aviculture Centre. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">ORAVIE : </b>Office
Régional Avicole Est.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .15pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">ORAVIO : </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">office régional avicole de
l'ouest.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .2pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 5.1pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">PMS : </b>Plan de maîtrise sanitaire.</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 5.1pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">ppm : </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Partie par million.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .3pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 5.1pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">UFC : </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Unité Formant Colonie.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .1pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 5.1pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">UV : </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">ultraviolet.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 5.1pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">VRBG : </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Violet Red Bile Agar.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section8">
<p class="Heading3" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.45pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.85pt;"><a name="Liste-des-figure"></a>Liste
des figures</p>
<p align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 48.15pt; tab-stops: right dotted 442.95pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Figure
01 : </b>Principe de la marche en avant circulation<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>du personnel<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.................................. </span>06</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 10.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.9pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Figure 02 : </b>Représentation schématique d'une coupe longitudinale
d'un œuf</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 10.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.9pt; tab-stops: right dotted 450.1pt;">de<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>poule<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">................................................................................................................................ </span>11</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 10.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.85pt; tab-stops: right dotted 450.35pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Figure 03 </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">:<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>Œufs<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>déclassés<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.................................................................................................. </span>12<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 10.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.9pt; tab-stops: right dotted 449.05pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Figure 04 : </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Le retournement<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>des<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>œufs<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">................................................................................ </span>18<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 10.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 15.05pt; tab-stops: right dotted 449.4pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Figure 05 : </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Résultats<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>du mirage<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.......................................................................................... </span>20<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 10.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.85pt; tab-stops: right dotted 450.45pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Figure 06 : </b>Taille correcte de la
chambre à air à différents<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>stades<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>d'incubation<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.................. </span>21</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 10.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.9pt; tab-stops: right dotted 447.7pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Figure 07 : </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">La transmission verticale<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.................................................................................. </span>23<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 10.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.85pt; tab-stops: right dotted 445.45pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Figure 08 : </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">La transmission horizontale<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">............................................................................. </span>24<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 10.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.9pt; tab-stops: right dotted 445.45pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Figure 09 : </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Principes<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>de l’HACCP<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.................................................................................... </span>40<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 10.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.9pt; tab-stops: right dotted 445.65pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Figure 10: </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">écouvillonnage<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>des<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>œufs<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.................................................................................. </span>57<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 10.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.85pt; tab-stops: right dotted 444.6pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Figure 11 : </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Prélèvements de surface des machines<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">
</span>et murs<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">............................................... </span>58<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 10.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 15.05pt; tab-stops: right dotted 449.15pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Figure 12 : </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Conception<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>du couvoir<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">..................................................................................... </span>65<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 10.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 14.85pt; tab-stops: right dotted 444.1pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Figure 13 : </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Résultats des<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>analyses<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>bactériologiques<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.......................................................... </span>69<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 2.4pt; margin-right: 9.0pt; margin-top: 3.75pt; text-align: center;"><a name="Liste-des-tableaux"></a><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Liste des tableaux<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 17.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-right: 9.0pt; tab-stops: dotted 424.95pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Tableau 01 : </b>Conséquences
de non-respect de la<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>norme<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>température<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">................................ </span>18</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .05pt;"><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 7.9pt; tab-stops: dotted 426.05pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Tableau 02 : </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Effet du retournement sur le<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>taux d’éclosion<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">................................................ </span>18<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 5.1pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Tableau 03 : </b>Taux de réduction de la contamination des coquilles en
fonction</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 8.1pt; tab-stops: dotted 429.1pt;">du
moment de<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>la<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>désinfection<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">............................................................................................ </span>26</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; tab-stops: dotted 431.15pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Tableau 04 : </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Diagnostic biochimique<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>des<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>Salmonella<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">........................................................ </span>32<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 5.1pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Tableau 05 : </b>PMS salmonelles dans les couvoirs Gallus adhérents la
charte</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 8.1pt; tab-stops: dotted 429.85pt;">sanitaire<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.............................................................................................................................. </span>42</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; tab-stops: dotted 429.1pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Tableau 06 : </b>les agents pathogènes
excrétés par les<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>oiseaux sauvages<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.............................. </span>48</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: .05pt; tab-stops: dotted 430.05pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Tableau 07 : </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">les agents pathogènes transmis<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>par<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>l’eau<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">....................................................... </span>51<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .5pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 5.1pt; tab-stops: dotted 430.05pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Tableau 08 : </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">les agents pathogènes transmis par<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>le<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>matériel<span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;">.............................................. </span>52<o:p></o:p></span></p>earnbtc4freehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03514123550786668019noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3094162968095839258.post-35627177891469015842021-11-13T14:46:00.001-08:002021-11-13T14:46:37.512-08:00<div class="Section1">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 110.4pt; margin-right: 54.4pt; margin-top: 4.9pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 54%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">اجل</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 107%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">م</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 92%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ه</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-font-width: 92%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">و</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: -1.35pt; mso-font-width: 76%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ر</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: -1.4pt; mso-font-width: 28%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ي</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 86%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ة</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: -.6pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-font-width: 85%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ا</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 57%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ج</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-font-width: 57%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">لز</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: -1.65pt; mso-font-width: 85%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ا</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 49%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ئ</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-font-width: 49%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ر</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: -1.45pt; mso-font-width: 28%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ي</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 86%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ة</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: -.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-font-width: 76%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ا<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">لد</span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 47%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">م</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-font-width: 47%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">يقر</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: -1.65pt; mso-font-width: 85%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ا</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-font-width: 81%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ط</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 50%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ي</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 50%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ة</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: -.55pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-font-width: 58%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">الش</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 54%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ع</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 31%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ب</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 31%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ي</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 86%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ة</span></b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 1.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 11.4pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 110.6pt; margin-right: 54.4pt; margin-top: 8.2pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;">République Algérienne
Démocratique et Populaire</p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; line-height: 17.15pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 110.8pt; margin-right: 54.4pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-font-width: 83%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">و</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: -1.35pt; mso-font-width: 76%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ز</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: -1.7pt; mso-font-width: 85%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ا</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-font-width: 76%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ر</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: -1.6pt; mso-font-width: 80%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ة</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: -.6pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-font-width: 43%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ا<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">لت</span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-font-width: 44%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ع<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">لـي</span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 104%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">م</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: -.55pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-font-width: 55%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">العايل</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: -.55pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-font-width: 83%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">و</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: -.6pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-font-width: 43%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ا<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">لب</span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 92%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ح</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 110%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ث</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: -.6pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-font-width: 54%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ا<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">لع</span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-font-width: 53%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ل</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 107%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">م</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 74%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ي</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 110.85pt; margin-right: 54.4pt; margin-top: 8.3pt; text-align: center;">Ministère
de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique</p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 110.6pt; margin-right: 54.4pt; margin-top: 3.7pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-font-width: 86%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">جا</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 66%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">م</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 66%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">عـة</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: -.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-font-width: 70%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">حس</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 31%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ي</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 32%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ـ</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 32%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ب</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 86%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ة</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: -.55pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-font-width: 54%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ب<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">ن</span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: -.55pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-font-width: 51%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">بو</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: -1.15pt; mso-font-width: 71%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ع</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 53%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ل</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-font-width: 74%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ي</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: -.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-font-width: 58%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">الش</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 35%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ـ</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-font-width: 53%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ل</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 97%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ف</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 110.65pt; margin-right: 54.4pt; margin-top: 4.45pt; text-align: center;">Université
Hassiba Benbouali de Chlef</p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 110.45pt; margin-right: 54.4pt; margin-top: 7.6pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-font-width: 75%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">كلية علوم الطبيعة و احلياة</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 110.5pt; margin-right: 54.4pt; margin-top: 4.45pt; text-align: center;">Faculté
des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .15pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 110.85pt; margin-right: 54.35pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 64%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">قسم</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: -.55pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-font-width: 55%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ا<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">ل</span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 63%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ع</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-font-width: 63%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">لو</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: -1.1pt; mso-font-width: 87%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">م</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: -.6pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-font-width: 85%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ا</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-font-width: 60%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ل</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-font-width: 60%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ز</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: -1.25pt; mso-font-width: 76%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ر</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: -1.65pt; mso-font-width: 85%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ا</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: -.15pt; mso-font-width: 58%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ع</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 58%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ية</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: -.55pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-font-width: 83%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">و</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: -.55pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-font-width: 47%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">البيو</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: -1.05pt; mso-font-width: 28%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ت</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-font-width: 69%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">كنو</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: -1.0pt; mso-font-width: 62%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ل</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-font-width: 62%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">و</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: -1.6pt; mso-font-width: 83%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ج</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-font-width: 31%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ي</span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-font-width: 95%; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ا</span></b><b><span dir="LTR" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 110.85pt; margin-right: 54.35pt; margin-top: 4.45pt; text-align: center;">Département
des Sciences Agronomiques et Biotechnologie</p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .1pt;"><span style="font-size: 5.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 5.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: auto;" />
</span>
<div class="Section2">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.55pt;"><b>N° d’ordre : ……/2020<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" />
</span>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .2pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 33.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 4.9pt; margin-right: 107.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 28.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">MÉMOIRE<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 4.9pt; margin-right: 107.25pt; margin-top: 11.7pt; text-align: center;">En
vue de l’obtention du diplôme de <b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Master<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .4pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 4.75pt; margin-right: 107.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center;">Domaine : Sciences de la nature et de la vie Filière :
Biotechnologie</p>
<p align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 4.8pt; margin-right: 107.25pt; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: center;">Spécialité:
Biotechnologie microbienne</p>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .45pt;"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 109.65pt; margin-right: 8.05pt; margin-top: 4.25pt; text-indent: -60.75pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Etude des risques de la contamination microbienne des couvoirs
producteurs de poussins chair<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"><b><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: .25pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 19.6pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.5pt;"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 11pt; text-align: left;">Soutenu publiquement le : 13/10/2020</span> </p>earnbtc4freehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03514123550786668019noreply@blogger.com0